词汇学复习资料 大纲 英语专业必考

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2024年3月17日发(作者：)

Chapter1

1.

word:

A word is the smallest unit of spoken written language which has meanings and can stand alone. A

word is a minimal free form that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function

2. A word is

(1) A minimal free form of a language;

(2) a sound unity;

(3) a unity of meaning;

(4)

a form that can function alone in a sentence.

3.1 the physical structure of the word

(1)Phonetics is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides

methods for the description, classification and transcription.

(2)Morphology is the branch of linguistics, which studies the internal structure of words and rules by which

words are formed. In other words, it identifies the smallest meaningful units in a language which are called

morphemes and look into the ways the morphemes are arranged to form words.

2.2 the semantic structure of the word

（1）the word is a unit of speech or writng, which serves the purposeful human communication.

（2）the word can be perceived as the total of the sounds that comprise it

（3）the word , in writing, is seen as a sequence of letters bounded on either side by a blank space.

（4）the word, viewed linguistically, possesses its physical structure (form) and semantic structure

(meaning).

4.

Vocabulary:

Vocabulary refers to all the words used in a particular kind of work, business or known to a

particular person.

5.

Vocabulary and Lexis :

Lexi, a mass noun, is defined as the total stick of words in a language.

logy:

the study of meaning and uses of words

论述对词汇学的理解包括内容：

Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies words. This may include their nature and function

as symbols, their meaning, the relationship of their meaning, and the rules of their composition from smaller

elements. Lexicology also involves relations between words, which may involve semantics, derivation,

usage and sociolinguistic distinctions. Any other issues involved in analyzing the whole lexicon of a

languages.

Chapter2

1.

The development of English vocabulary

. The history of English language can be divided into 3 periods:

a/ Old English period (449—1100)

the former inhabitants, the Celtic, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes Anglo-Saxon as

Old English, Old English contains 50-60 thousand words, which consists of the basic word stock.

*3个重大事件：(1)Teutonic Conquest 乔顿征服(2)Christianity(Latin word)(3)Scandinavian invasion

b/ Middle English period (1100-1500)

characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest in French

loan words were found in law and governmental administration (judge, justice）

1150-1204:French occupied the dnoinant position

1204-1500:English gradually come back to a position

c/ Modern English period (1500--)

the early stage of this period ( including the years between 1500-1700), the Renaissance brought great

changes to the vocabulary. borrowing from Latin, Latin were now mostly connected with science and

abstract ideas. Greek borrowings were mostly literary, technical and scientific words

2. The origins of English words

2.1 the native words: Anglo-Saxon elements

2.2 the loan words: French, Latin, Greek, Scandinavian, other European elements, Chinese

Chapter3

1. American English:

is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects

used within the United States.

2. British English:

is the form of English used in the United Kingdom. It includes all English dialects

used within the United Kingdom.

3. The history:

(1)17th century: The English language was first introduced to the American by British colonization,

beginning in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia.

Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of

what we recognize as the American history.

The language taken there was Elizabethan English

(2)The War of Independence : It marks the end of the colonial period.

The political independence brings the tendency to develop an American brand of English.

4.

Americanism:

A word, phrase or idiom characteristic of English as it is spoken in the US.

ence:

pronunciation / spelling/ vocabulary / habitual expression/ grammar

Chapter4

1.

Neologism

(新词): a neologism is a recently coined word, phrase or usage. It can also be an

existing word or phrase which has been assigned a new meaning.

Chapter5

me:

A morpheme is the minimal meaningful units of which the language is composed.

Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.

2.分类：

(1)free morphemes (自由词素)

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