admin管理员组

文章数量:1599279

2024年1月22日发(作者:)

高考英语必考点:考点妙解名词

典型例题

纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题,对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如:He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.),抽象名词具体化(如:

WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!),区分可数名词和不可数名词,根据句意选择适当的名词,某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。

一般来说名词主要考查:

1.可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。

2.可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法——对比。

3.名词的所有格,包括’s所有格,…of…所有格和双重所有格的用法。

4.名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。

5.名词的词义辨析。

应试同分瓶颈

纵观历年来高考对名词的考查,主要体现为一个“活”字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习,如:名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法,记忆、理解部分知识,并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识,把握重点、难点,认真审题,依据具体的语境进行分析判断。

近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别,另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”,可数为“令人惊奇的事情”;shame不可数为“羞愧”,可数为“令人羞愧的事”,除此之外还有:honour,failure,success,pleasure,pity等。

◎命题点1 名词的数

◎命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语

命题点1 名词的数

本类考题解答锦囊

名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点:

第 1 页 共 9 页

1.名词的可数性及其易错点。

一般来说,个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的,而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的,并不是绝对的。英语中有些名词往往既可以是可数的也可以是不可数的。

A:Would you like a cake?要吃块蛋糕吗?

B:NO,Idon't like cake.不吃,我不喜欢吃蛋糕。

以上第一句用acake,这是把cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”,所以它是可数的;而第二句只用 cake,这是把它当作物质名词看待,所以它成了不可数名词。

抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可数的。但是,有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数),表示具有某种性质的人或事物:Success成功(不可数)→asuccess成功的人或事(可数);pleasure愉快(不可数)→apleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可数)。

2.可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语。

(1)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有these,those,few,afew,many,agood(great)many,agreat (good)number of等。

(2)修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有this,that,little,a littlt,a bit of ,much,a great deal of, a large amount of等。

Ⅰ高考最新热门题

1.(典型例题The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that

we took__________pictures of them.

A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of

命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查表示“许多”的名词修饰语。

【解 析】 many,masses of,a number of,a large amount of 都可以表示“许多的”“大量的”。其中,many,a number of修饰可数名词复数;a large amount of修饰不可数名词;masses of可用于可数、不可数名词前。A项多一个of;C项the number of指“……的数量”,与题意不符;D项不能修饰复数名词pictures.

【答 案】 B

2.(典型例题) If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off_______.

A. a price B. price

C. the price D. prices

第 2 页 共 9 页

答案:C 指导:本句译文为:如果你买10个以上,它们的价格可以便宜20便士,本题测试名词和冠词的用法。

3.(典型例题)--Brad was Jane's brother!--_______he reminded me so much of Jane!

A. No doubt B. Above all

C. No wonder D. Of course

答案:C 指导:选项A的意思是:毫无疑问,表示肯定;B的意思是:首先,最重要的是,表示重要性;C的意思是:难怪,表示恍然大悟;D的意思是:当然,当然可以,表示同意。根据上下句的意思,答案选C,表示对原来某现象突然弄明白了。

4.(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the_______of a lot of people outside China.

A. enjoyment B. appreciation

C. entertainment D. reputation

答案:B 指导:enjoyment:满意,快乐;appreciation:欣赏、赏识;entertainment:娱乐;reputation:名声。根据句子意思,答案应该选B,意思为:中国艺术享誉海外。

5.(典型例题) In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent

the_______in personality.

A. contact B. contrast

C. connection D. conflict

答案:D 指导:本题考查词义的区别。contact:接触,contrast:对比,connection:联系,conflict;冲突。句子的意为:在处理公共关系时,我们应努力防止人格冲突。

Ⅱ 题点经典类型题

1. (典型例题拟My _______of this weekend's activity is going out with some good

friends.

A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought

【解 析】 idea:主意,打算,构思,opinion:观点,mind:头脑,thought:思考,想法。

2.(典型例题)The head office of the bank is in Beijing but it has all over the country.

A. companies B. branches

C. organizations D. businesses

答案:B 指导:branch这里是分支,分行的意思,“说银行的总部在北京,但是这在全国各地均有分行。”A项“公司”C项“组织”和D项“商业”的不合题意。

3.(典型例题)I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty

第 3 页 共 9 页

good_______of direction.

A. idea B. feeling

C. experience D. sence

答案:D 指导:haveasenseof"有……的感觉(能力)”。

4.(典型例题拟)Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.

A. ability B. force

C. strength D. mind

答案:C 指导:ablity侧重指“能力”;force侧重指“打击力,爆炸力,武力”,strength侧重体力;mind指“脑力,智力”。显然,C项与前面的physical,exelcise最为搭配。

Ⅲ 新高考命题探究

1.--Do you think she's going to leave?_______The had crossed my mind.

A. matter B. hope

C. desire D. thought

答案:D 指导:据句意应为“这个想法在我脑子里很久”。只有D,thonght为想法,主意,其它意思不对。

2. She is in a poor_______ of health, which worries her mother much.

A. position B. situation

C. state D. condition

答案: C 指导:据题意inastate为状态,指身体状态。

3. How did you like the_______of the interpreter( 口译员)at the Chinese FM press

conference of 6-party talks on TV?

A. performance B. achievement

C. material D. words

答案:A 指导:据意:你认为口译员的表现如何?只有A项是表现的意思。

4. Mr. Barrette doesn't think that all bad language should be allowed. In his opinion,

there are_______that should be kept up.

A. degrees B. levels

C. limits D. standards

答案: D 指导:根据题意:在他看来,应该有标准。A项是程度,B 项是水平,C项为限制,D为标准。

第 4 页 共 9 页

命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语

本类考题解答锦囊

英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分’s所有格和of所有格两种形式。名词还可以作另外一个名词的定语。在做此类题时要注意以下几点:

1.所有格的含义

(1)表示所属:Tom'scar汤姆的小车

(2)表示类别:awomen's c0llege女子学院

(3)表示动作的执行者或承受者:

theteacher'spraise老师的表扬

children's education儿童教育

2.双重所有格

双重所有格构成有(1)名词+of+名词所有格。如:afriend。of my father's.(2)名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:some friends of mine.它表示部分概念,。of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数词的限定词a,an,one,two,some,several,a few,many,any,no等。如:Some friends of my brother’s will come to ioinus.我哥哥的几个朋友将和我们一起去.

3.名词作定语

一个名词作另外一个名词的定语,如a coffee cup(不能说a coffee's cup),a shoe

shop(不可说a shoe's shop或a shoes shop).

Ⅰ 高考最新热门题

1.(典型例题) The village is far away from here indeed.

It's_______walk.

A. a four hour B. a four hour's

C. a four-hours D. a four hours'

命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查名词所有格作定语。

【解 析】冠词、数词、量词和连用有两种形式:一种是:a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词,如果数词大于“1”,量词要用复数形式。如 a four mile's journey: 另一种是:a four-mile .所以答案为D.

【答 案】 D

2.(典型例题季卷) It took us quite a long time to get there, It was______ journey.

第 5 页 共 9 页

A. three-hour B. a three hour

C. a three-hour D. three hours

答案:C 指导:joumey为可数名词。复合形容词的构成中hour 应为单数形式,所以选C同义词组还有threehours的表示方法。注意这种合成形容词只作主语。

3.(典型例题)The______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.

A. bicycle's shop B. bicycle shop

C. bicycles shop D. bicycle's shop

答案:B 指导:本题考查名词作定语。本句的意思是“自行车商店在拐弯处”。自行车商店应该是B.

4.(典型例题)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of______, so

her mother went to some ______stores.

A. shoes; shoes B. shoes; shoe

C. shoe; shoes D. shoe;shoe

答案:B 指导:由于受some的影响,容易误选A。本题主要考查名词作定语的用法。名词作定语需用单数形式。如:radio programs电台节目,computer shops电脑店,girl friedns女朋友。

Ⅱ题点经典类型题

1.(典型例题测)If you are not yet______,you are forbidden to visit this site.

A. eighteen years B. at age of eighteen

C. eighteen-year-old D. eighteen years of age

命题目的与解题技巧:本题考查名词作主语。

【解 析】注意年龄的几种表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen

years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 为合成定语形容词。

【答 案】 D

2.(典型例题测)His behavior at the party last night seemed rather______. Many of us

were quite surprised.

A. out of practice B. out of place

C. out of politeness D. out of pity

答案:B 指导:outofplace未在应该的位置,不适当:outofprac rice(变得)荒疏:outofpity出于同情;outofpoliteness出于礼貌。

第 6 页 共 9 页

3(典型例题评)Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture______in China.

A. cost B. food C. products D. production

答案:C 指导:卖农产品.

4.(典型例题中)Is there a ______for rising prices?

A. way B. cure C. medicine D. method

答案:B指导:acureforrisingprice克服物价上涨的对策。

5.(典型例题联)Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their______, some people

drink alcohol.

A. temper B. mood C. pressures D. consciousness

答案:C 指导:人们喝酒是为了排解心中的压力。

Ⅲ 新高考命题探究

's bad for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.

A. behavior B. action

C. manner D. movement

答案:A 指导:在公共场所吸烟是不良行为习惯。 C项manner如表礼貌应为manners.

Chinese are looking forward to the first ______to land on the moon after Yang

Liwei's successful trip to space.

A. measure B. attempt

C. purpose D. desire

答案:B 指导:据题意:中国人一直盼望第一次登月的尝试。B项为试图,尝试。

had a good ______of the examination result when he saw his daughter's face.

A. report B. thought

C. idea D. news

答案:C 指导:当他看到女儿的脸,他就清楚了考试结果,只有C符合题意。

headmaster has got a good education______ so the school is doing well.

A. thought B. thinking

C. idea D. sense

答案:D 指导:关于教育的感觉(敏感性)。

探究性命题综合测试

考场热身

第 7 页 共 9 页

1.--What do you thind of the TV play"The Meteor Garden"?

--I take no interest in it. One of the reasons in that such a life is out of

our______.

A. mind B. point

C. reach D. sight

答案:C 指导:out ofone'smind意思是:忘记,想不起,精神错乱;out of one's point无此搭配;out of one's reach表示:无法达到的,力所不能及的,无法理解的;out

of(one's)sight意为:看不见,在视野之外。

2.--Who did you spend 'ast weekend with?

--______. A. Palmer's B. The Palmer

C. The Palmers D. The Palmer

答案:C 指导:回答上文的who,所以不用所有格形式。The Palmers是the加姓氏的复数形式,表示该姓氏全家或夫妇俩。

you don't take away all your things from the desk,there won't be enough ______for

my stationery.

A. area B. place

C. room D. surface

答案:C 指导:room此处是不可数名词“空间”,area区域,place可数名词,地点,surface表面。

of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can

get a good

A. sight B. scene

C. view D. look

答案:C 指导:“住在高楼的顶层的好处之一是能看到好景致。”

all know that______speak louder than words.

A. movements B. performances

C. operations D. actions

答案:D 指导:此句含义“行动胜于雄辩”是俗语,actions行为,movements运动,performances表演,operations操作。

6.I'm sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasn't my______.

第 8 页 共 9 页

A. idea B. thought

C. mind D. intention

答案: D 指导:idea想法,主意;thought思想,思考;mind头脑,意思;intention有意,蓄意。根据语境“伤害你的感情不是出于我的本意”,得知答案为D.

7.--Carry your______ with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.

--OK. Thank you for reminding me.

A. valuables B. suitcases

C. gifts D. bags

答案:A 指导:valuable作名词时,常用作复数,尤指小但很值钱的东西(如黄金、宝石等贵重物品)。

the boss wants to fire me, he has to give me two months'______

A. information B. advice C. message D. notice

答案:D 指导:notice意为“(终止协议等的)预选通知(如离职、停租等)”。

第 9 页 共 9 页

本文标签: 名词表示指导意思所有格