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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue
recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave
like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for
being independent and impartial.
Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes
it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is
that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to
the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.
This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court
and politics.
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics.
They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have
no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics
precisely because they are so closely _14_.
Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social
_15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_
is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as
unjust.
The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the
code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,
_20_, convincing as law.
1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize
2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless
3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated
4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted
5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded
6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone
7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies
8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle
9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict
10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards
11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though
12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace
13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer
14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied
15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions
16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls
17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted
18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore
19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable
20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is
what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no
good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends
that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which
organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their
lives and possibly the word.
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in
action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze
sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as
LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the
lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for
healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.‖ Dare to be
different, please don’t smoke!‖ pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among
teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that
public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the
Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and
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