八类状语从句

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2023年12月25日发(作者：)

八类状语从句

高考英语中最常考的八类状语从句

状语从句是高考英语的必考考点，综观近年来各省市状语从句的考题情况，我们发现以下八类状语从句特别值得关注：

一、in case引导的状语从句

根据语境的不同，in case既可表示“如果”“万一”，引导条件状语从句；也可表示“以防(万一)”，引导目的状语从句。下面两道真题均选in case：

your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out

one day. (北京卷)

since

if

after

case

parents live in a small village. They always keep candles

in the house ______ t here is a power cut. (重庆卷)

case

that

【解析】两道题都选in case，均表示“以防万一”。

二、before引导的状语从句

尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+be fore…”这一句型。如：

field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;

it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽卷)

was told that it would be at least three more months

______ he could recover a nd return to work. (江西卷)

【解析】两道题均before。第1题涉及的句式为：It will be a

long time before…，意思是“要过很久才会……”；第2题涉及的句式为：it was some time before…，意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会……”。

三、while引导的状语从句

尤其要注意while表示“尽管”“虽然”时的用法（此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句——此用法许多同学并不熟悉，值得特别注意！）。如：

______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (山东卷)

【解析】答案选D。while在此表示“尽管”“虽然”，又如：While the work was difficul t, it was interesting. 尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。/ While I understand wh at you say, I can’t agree with

you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。

另外，while表示对比的用法也值得注意（此时它表示“而”）。如：

The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,

______ the quality of lif e is probably one of the highest. (天津卷)

四、when引导的状语从句

对于when的用法，同学们最熟悉的是表示“当……的时候”。如：

—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you ______ you were in Mr. Black’s office

yesterday. (北京卷)

e

【解析】答案选B。将四个选项逐一填入空格处，只有填when时，意思最通顺。句意为：当你昨天在布莱克先生办公室时我就带给你了。

但是when还有一个用法，就是表示“既然”。如：

Why do you want a new job ___D___ you’ve got such a good

one already?

还有一点也需注意，就是when表示“这时(突然)”的用法。如：

1.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily

drying myself with a towel _ __B___ I heard the steps. (湖南卷)

was about halfway through his meal ___C___ a familiar

voice came to his ears. (辽宁卷)

五、unless引导的状语从句

unless的意思是“如果不……”“除非”，对于涉及unless的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ______ they

have eggs or young c hicks, they don’t use a nest. (湖南卷)

2.I won’t call you, ______ something unexpected happens.

(全国I)

r

e

【解析】两道题都选unless，均表示“除非”。

六、until引导的状语从句

until的意思是“直到……时”“在……之前”，对于涉及until的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ___A___ we’ve

actually had that lesson. (天津卷)

另外，还要注意not…until…这一句式（直到……才）。如：

“You can’t have this football back ___D___ you promise not

to kick it at my cat agai n,” the old man said firmly. (广东卷)

e

七、once引导的状语从句

once的意思是“一旦”，对于涉及once的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

will be successful in the interview ______ you have

confidence. (福建卷)

2.______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years

for the ecosystem (生态

系统) to recover. (江苏卷)

if

only

【解析】两道题都选once，均表示“一旦”。

八、where引导的状语从句

where可以用于引导地点状语从句，其意为“在……的地方”，此用法许多同学都不是熟悉，但高考经常考查，应引起特别注意。如：

you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to

your own, please do a s the Romans do. (天津卷)

which

2.—Mom, what did your doctor say

—He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher. (四川卷)

where

which

place where

【解析】两道题都选where，均表示“在……的地方”。

Grammar Exploration

语法：本单元的语法项目为不定式和动词的ing形式。

不定式和动词的-ing形式都属于非谓语动词，都可以在句中作主语，表语，宾语，定语，宾补和状语。本单元将主要讨论一下它们在使用中的异同。

1.作主语时

(1)表示一般情况时，两者皆可。

e.g.

To learn English well is not easy. = Learning English well is

not easy.

学好英语不容易。

(2). 表示具体的，特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时，通常用动词不定式。

e.g.

To finish reading such a long novel will take me several days.

读完这么长的小说要花去我好几天时间。

(3) 当it 作形式主语，动词不定式和动名词通常可以互换。但当表语是necessary,

important等形容词时，后面只接不定式，而当表语是no use,

no good, a waste of time等词时，则用动词的-ing形式。

e.g.

It's bad manners to spit in public. = It’s bad manners

spitting in public.

在公共场合吐痰是不礼貌的。

It’s quite impossible for us to finish the work in time with

so little money.

我们用这么少的钱及时完成工作是不可能的。

It’s no use asking him for help. 向他寻求帮助是没有用的。

(4) There is no 结构后只接动词的-ing形式。

e.g.

There is no knowing whether he is alive or dead.

不知他是死是活。

2. 作表语时

(1) 表示一般情况时，两者可以通用。

e.g.

His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.

他的工作是粉刷房子。

(2). 表示具体的，特定情况下的或是未来的动作，通常用动词不定式。

e.g.

Our homework today is to finish the exercises 1 and 2 on

page 25.

我们今天的家庭作业就是完成25而的练习1和2。

(3) 主语与表语形式通常保持一致。

e.g.

To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.

Doing this is cutting the foot to fit the shoe.

这样做无异于削足适履。

3. 作宾语时

(1) 有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的此类动词(短语)有：

ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage,

offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish,

expect, demand

e.g.

I want to ask him a question. 我想问他一个问题。

She decided to help her sister.

她决定帮她的妹妹。

As a student, he can’t afford to buy a car now.

作为一个学生，他现在买不起轿车。

(2) 有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词（短语）有：

admit, advise, appreciat e, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay,

deny, endure, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive,

give up，imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon,

permit, practice, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand 等。

e.g.

The doctor advised taking more exercise.

医生建议多锻炼。

I suggest doing it in a different way.

我建议用不同的方法做。

尤其要注意一些含有介词to的动词短语，不要和不定式中的to混淆。此类短语主要有：

be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look

forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。

e.g.

I really must get down to considering it seriously.

我真地必须认真考虑一下这件事了。

I am looking forward to seeing you again.

我期盼着再次见到你。

(3) 有些动词后既可跟动不定式也可跟动名词，意义相差不大。常见的此类动词(短

语)有：

can’t stand, prefer, learn, continue等。

e.g.

I can’t stand see ing/to see good food going to waste.

我无法忍受看到好好的食物被浪费。

She continues to work/working after having a baby.

有了小孩后她继续工作。

(4) begin, start后跟不定式或动名词皆可，通常可以互换，但在下列情况下，只用

不定式。

① start, start本身为进行时态。

e.g.

The boy noticed that his father was beginning to get angry,

so he ran away.

那个男孩注意到他的父亲生气，所以就跑开了

②当主语为非生物名词或it时。

e.g.

A strong wind started to blow. 一阵强风开始刮起来。

③ begin, start后接表示心理活动的词时，如understand,

realize, know, see等。

e.g.

He began to realize the importance of foreign languages.

他开始意识到外语的重要性。

(5) 在hate, like, love后，表示经常性，习惯性的动作，通常用动名词；若表示特

定，具体的或一次性的行为则用不定式。

e.g.

I don’t like bothering him when he’s busy.

当他忙得时候我不喜欢打扰他。

I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that

night.

我通常喜欢和他呆在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不愿看到他。

(6) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want,

need, require等动词后

既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但含义不同。

① remember to do 记着去做（尚未做的）某事；remember

doing 记得做过某

事

② forget to do 忘记要去做某事；forget doing 忘记曾做过某事

③ go on to do 接着又做另一件事；go on doing 继续做同一件事

④ regret to do 遗憾将要做某事；regret doing 后悔做过的事

⑤ mean to do 打算／想要做某事；mean doing 意味着

⑥ stop to do 停下来（正在做的事）去做另一件事；stop doing

停止正在做的事

⑦ try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事

⑧ want to do 想要做某事；want doing需要（被）

⑨ need/require to do 需要/要求做做某事；need/require

doing需要（被）

e.g.

Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.

离开时请记得关灯。

Certainly I posted your letter—I remember posting it.

我当然给你寄过信了-我记得寄过它。

4. 作宾语补足语时

(1)常见的用不定式作宾补的动词。

allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wish, want

e.g.

We expect him to win an Olympic gold medal.

我们期盼他赢一枚奥运金牌。

(2) 不定式和动词的-ing形式都可在感官动词和使役动词（feel,

make, let, see, hear,

watch,

listen to, look at, notice, observe）后作宾补。不定式强调动作发生了，即结束了；而动词

的-ing形式则强调动作正在进行。

e.g.

I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flower. （动作已完成）

我看到一个男人进了花园，摘了一些花。

I saw a man walking into the garden.（正在进行）

我看到一个男人正走进花园。

(3) 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，在主动语态中，to要省掉，而变

为被动语态，即作主补时要加上to。

e.g.

I saw him steal my money. 我看到他偷了我的钱。

He was seen to steal my money.他被看到偷了我的钱。

5. 作状语时

(1) 不定式作状语通常表示目的，结果，有时也放在形容词，过去分词后作状语表

示原因；动词的-ing形式作状语则通常表示时间，原因，条件或伴随等。

e.g.

I’ve taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop.

为了买电脑，我已从银行里取了钱。（目的）

He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there. (结果）

他匆忙赶到学校却发现那儿没人。

I am glad to hear that.听到那件事我很高兴。（原因）

Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those

memorable days. (时间)

看到这些照片，他忍不住想起那些难忘的日子。

Not knowing his address we couldn’t get in touch with her.

不知道他的地址，我们无法和取得联系。（原因）

Working hard, you will get what you want. (条件)

努力工作，你会得到你想要的东西。

The baby was lying in bed crying. (伴随)

那个婴儿躺在床上哭着。

(2) 动词的-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，则要用其完成式，即having+过去分词。

e.g.

Having solved the problem, they decided to have a party.

解决了问题后，他们决定举行一个宴会。

Practice

1. The boy was seen _____ model planes in the classroom.

A. make

B. made

C. makes

D. to make

2. We learn a language by making mistakes and _____ them.

A. correct

B. correct

C. correcting

D. to correct

3. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not

B. not eating

C. not to eat

D. eat not

4. He decided to give up _______ within two weeks.

A. smoke

B. smoked

C. to smoke

D. smoking

5. Nowadays more and more students look forward to _______

abroad.

A. studied

B. study

C. studying

D. be studying Key for reference

1. D 感官动词和使役动词作宾补时，在主动语态中要把不定式的符号to省掉，但在被动语态中要带上。

2. C 本题中，动词的-ing形式作介词宾语。注意and连接的动词要在形式上保持一致。

3. C warn sb. not to do 警告某人不要做某事，warn需接不定式作宾补。

4. D give up doing 放弃做某事

5. C look forward to期盼, 注意此短语中的to为介词，不是不定式的符号，因而其

后的动词应为-ing形式。

V. Language Skills

1. Multiple choice

1. ---I usually go to Dalian by train.

----Why not ______ by ship for a change?

A. trying to go

B. to try going

C. to try and go

D. try going

2 ---Oh, I feel so bored; I have nothing to do.

---Have you finished your homework?

---Oh, I forgot that.

--You always forget_________ your homework. Then why not

do it now?

A. to do

B. doing

C. having done

D. to have done

3. There is ______ what will happen in the future.

A. no knowing

B. not knowing

C. not known

D. no known

4. I feel very happy ______ a chance to visit your school.

A. to have given

B. to give

C. to be given

D. to be giving

5. The book gave a _____ description on Puyi’s early life.

A. live

B. living

C. lively

D. alive

Key for reference

1 D why not后接动词原形，try 接动词的-ing形式表示“试着做某事”，接不定式时，表示“努力做某事”。

2. A forget to do忘记要做的事；forget doing忘记已做过的事

3. A There is no knowing +wh- 无法知道......

4. C 根据句意，我应当是被给机会，故用不定式的被动语态。

5. C 本句意为“这本书生动地描述了傅仪的早期生活”。lively活泼的；生动的；栩栩如生；强烈的

2. Complete the dialogue

M: _______________1_____________________

W: I like them---especially those by Xu Beihong and Qi Baishi.

M: _______________2______________________

W: ______3______ Sometimes I find it hard for me to

understand them.

M: ______4______ Do you like music?

W: Yeah----pop music.

M: What do you think of classical music?

W: I listen to some of it.

M: What about modern Jazz?

W: Modern jazz? __________5___________

A. I can’t stand modern jazz!

B. Do you like paintings by Picasso?

C. Do you enjoy Qi Baishi’s paintings?

D. Very much.

E. What do you think of Chinese paintings?

F. Not too much.

G. What about music? Key for reference

1. E

2. B

3. F

4. G

5. A

本文标签： 动词状语表示形式引导