2000-2009英语考研真题

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2024年7月27日发(作者：)

2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER

SHEET 1. (10 points)

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly

experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the

average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too

bright.

Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line

because it depends on learning — a(n) 7 process— instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and

one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .

Is there an adaptive value to9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a

wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own

intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.

Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they

had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe

that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for

locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 ,

they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are

inconclusive.

1.[A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine

2.[A] tended [B] feared [C] happened

3.[A] thinner

5.[A] insists on

7.[A] incredible

[B] stabler [C] lighter

[B] sums up [C] turns out

[D] threatened

[D] dimmer

[D] puts forward

4.[A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority

6.[A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along

[B] spontaneous [C] inevitable [D] gradual

8.[A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think

9.[A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different

10.[A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward

11.[A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs

12.[A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across

13.[A] deliver

15.[A] if

16.[A] moderate

[B] carry [C] perform [D] apply

[B] unless [C] as [D] lest

[B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach

14.[A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance

17.[A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with

18.[A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise

19.[A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile

20.[A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark

your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the

unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth

said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.

So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers

have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain

cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by

consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort

zone — the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to

stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old

roads.

“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open

Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however,

that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other

possibilities.”

All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s

discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically,

procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts

down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first

decade or so of life.

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently

use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —

that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year and Ms. Markova’s

business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at

and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.

21. In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized by being .

[A] casual

[A] predicted

[A] tracks

[B] familiar

[B] regulated

[B] series

[C] mechanical

[C] traced

[D] changeable.

[D] guided

22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be .

23. “ruts”(Line 1, Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to .

[C] characteristics [D] connections

[B] innovativeness could be taught

[D] curiosity activates creative minds

24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that .

[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind

[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

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