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2024年4月27日发(作者：)

Sensing Human Activity: GPS Tracking

感应人类活动:GPS跟踪

Stefan van der Spek

1,

*, Jeroen van Schaick

1

, Peter de Bois

1,

2

and Remco de Haan

1

Abstract: The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as

navigation and orientation tools, but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes: as

sensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale. TU Delft developed a

process and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in three

European city centres, Norwich, Rouen and Koblenz, and in another experiment for

collecting activity data of 13 families in Almere (The Netherlands) for one week. The

question posed in this paper is: what is the value of GPS as ‘sensor technology’ measuring

activities of people? The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument to

collect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings adding

new layers of knowledge to urban studies, but the use of GPS-technology and deployment

of GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.

摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行

路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。代尔夫特开发过程和涂数据库架构

对行人运动收集数据在三个欧洲城市中心、诺维奇、鲁昂、科布伦茨,和在另一个实验中收集

活动数据的13个家庭在Almere(荷兰)一个星期。本文提出的问题是:什么是GPS的价值是“传

感器技术的测量活动的人吗?结论是,GPS提供了一个广泛的可用的工具来收集宝贵的时空数据

在不同尺度和不同的设置添加新层的知识城市研究,但使用GPS技术和部署的GPS设备仍为未

来的研究提供了重要的挑战。

Keywords: GPS; Tracking; People; Behaviour; Mapping; Movement.

关键字：GPS；跟踪；人群：行为；制图；运动

1. Introduction

1.引言

1.1. The Global Navigation Satellite System

1.1全球导航卫星系统

The availability of so-called geopositioning devices such as GPS (Global Positioning System)

devices has grown enormously in the last decade and is still increasing. More and more people own a

navigation system such as a TomTom, a GPS for orientation for outdoor uses, biking and geo-caching

or a mobile phone or other handheld communication device with built-in GPS. These devices are

mainly used for orientation (determining where you are), navigation (determining where to go) and

communication (exchanging information with others or accessing information services). But the

devices can also be used for tracking, i.e. saving a travelled route into a track log. This ability makes

the technology useful to collect spatial-temporal data and thus as ‘sensors’ for observing and

measuring activities of people [1].

所谓的可用性geopositioning设备如GPS(全球定位系统)设备有了巨大的增长在过去的十

年,仍在增长。越来越多的人拥有自己的导航系统如TomTom GPS定向用于户外,骑自行车和geo

缓存或手机或其他手持通信设备内置GPS。这些设备主要用于定向(确定你在哪里),导航(确定

去哪里)和沟通(与他人交换信息或访问信息服务)。但设备还可以用于跟踪,即节约了旅行路线

进入跟踪日志。这种能力使得有用的技术来收集数据,因此时空“传感器”观察和测量活动的

人[1]。

GPS is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS is a system for location or position

determination – so called geopositioning [2]. Using a special receiver, a geoposition in space and time

can be calculated based on the reception of satellite signals. The United States’ Global Positioning

System (GPS) was the first available system using satellite Position Determination Technology (PDT)

[2]. Other GNSSs are under development in Europe (Galileo) and Russia (Glonass).

GPS是一种全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)。GNSS系统对位置或位置测定——所谓的

geopositioning[2]。使用一个特殊的接收器,一个geoposition在空间和时间的基础上可以计

算卫星信号的接收。美国的全球定位系统(GPS)是第一个可用的系统使用卫星定位技术

(PDT)[2]。其他GNSSs正在发展在欧洲(伽利略)和俄罗斯(格洛纳斯)。

GNSS is an essential Positioning Determination Technology for many fields of study. Although in

recent years the system has undergone a significant ‘modernisation’ to improve its quality [2], the

capability for geopositioning in the built-up (urban) environment is still one of its major weaknesses.

In particular the availability of accurate indoor signals and with low speeds is limited. The future

本文标签： 设备使用城市收集