新视野大学英语第三版读写教程Book3-unit8-单词和词组讲解

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2024年3月5日发(作者：)

New words

Baffle

vt.

confuse sb. completely; be too difficult or strange for sb. to understand or explain 使困惑；难住

The mystery that baffled him most was Jos' sudden disappearance from the lakeside

cottage. 最让他困惑的谜团是乔斯在湖边小屋的突然失踪。

Provocative

a.

intended to make people angry or upset; intended to make people argue about sth. 挑衅的；煽动的；引起争端的

For our conservative small town, "sexual harassment at the workplace" was a particularly

provocative topic. 对我们这个风气比较保守的小镇来说，“工作场所的性骚扰”是特别令人义愤填膺的话题。

Opinionated

a.

having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change 固执己见的；顽固的

Ever since I've known Betty, she has been very opinionated, and she thinks that she is

right about everything. 自从我认识贝蒂起，她一直都十分固执，认为自己每件事都是对的。

Dispense

vt. (fml.)

1 (~ with) not use or do sth. that people usu. use or do, because it is not necessary （因无必要而）摒弃；不用（做）

You can apply for a license from your local council, which means that you can dispense

with the formality. 你可以向当地委员会申请一个许可证，从而就可以省掉正式手续。

2 give sth. to people, esp. in fixed amounts （尤指以固定数额）分发，分配（某物）

A soup kitchen was set up by the Red Cross which dispensed food to over a thousand

refugees. 红十字会设立了施舍处，为一千多难民分发食物。

Courtesy

n.

1 [C] sth. you do or say to be polite 礼貌的行为（言语）

When hiking in the hills, we met a young man, exchanged courtesies, and talked for a

while. 当我们在山中徒步游玩的时候，碰见了一个年轻人，我们互致问候，并聊了一会儿。

2 [U] polite behavior and respect for other people 有礼的举止；礼貌

I'm upset because you didn't even have the courtesy to inform me that I might not be

giving the lecture which I've prepared for next week. 我很难过，因为你甚至都没有礼节性地通知我：我为下周准备好的演讲不能做了。

Obese

a.

(fml. or medical) (of people) very fat, in a way that is not healthy 臃肿的；虚胖的；病态肥胖的

We often find that teenage girls who are just slightly overweight see themselves as

massively obese. 我们常常发现十几岁的小女孩稍微超重就认为自己极其肥胖了。

Gorge

v.

eat or drink so much of sth. that you cannot eat or drink any more 拼命吃喝；塞饱

Luke doesn't eat much in the presence of his mother; yet, every time she is away, he

gorges himself with pizza, ice cream, candies and other junk food. 妈妈在场的时候，卢克吃得不多，然而每次趁她不在的时候，他都狼吞虎咽，大吃比萨、冰淇淋、糖果和其他垃圾食品。

n.

[C] a deep narrow valley with steep sides （山）峡；峡谷

We believe that it is the water from the spring that makes the river that snakes along the

gorge a few hundred meters away. 我们相信是泉水形成了几百米外沿峡谷蜿蜒流淌的小河。

Humane

a.

showing kindness toward people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more

than is necessary 善良的；仁慈的；人道的

To have an ideal world, our international community needs to end wars, hunger and

disease and aim for a just and humane society. 为了实现理想世界，国际社会需要结束战争，消除饥饿和疾病，建立一个公平人道的社会。

Ideological

a.

based on strong beliefs or ideas, esp. political or economic ideas 思想上的；思想体系的；意识形态的

Despite wide ideological disagreements, they remained friends, mutually respectful and

mutually supporting. 他们尽管意识形态上存在巨大的分歧，但依然是朋友，相互尊敬，相互支持。

Cradle

vt.

hold sth. gently, as if to protect it 轻拥；轻抱；捧住

He cradled the baby in his arms, his hands cupping her tiny skull.他轻轻地抱住婴儿，双手捧着她的小脑袋。

n.

[C] a small bed for a baby which can be pushed gently from side to side 摇篮

When the new baby was born, her grandparents brought over the beautiful old

hand-made cradle, which they had saved since their children had outgrown it. 宝宝出生的时候，外公外婆带来了手工制作的漂亮老式摇篮，这摇篮他们在自己的儿女长大不用后就一直保存至今。

Insulate

vt.

1 (~ sb. / sth. from / against) protect sb. or sth. from unpleasant experiences or influences

使免除（不愉快的经历）；使免受（不良影响）；隔离

All around the world, extremely wealthy people live a rather protected lifestyle and are

insulated from the suffering lives of the poor all around them. 纵观世界，巨富之人的生活都是被重重保护起来的，不受周围贫苦民众苦难生活的影响。

2 protect sth. with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing

through 使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘

The roof is adequately insulated against extremely hot or extremely cold weather. 屋顶对极热和极冷的天气隔绝效果很好。

Presumption

n.

1 [C, U] (law) the act of supposing that sth. is true, although it has not yet been proved or

is not certain 推定；假定；假设

I cannot make a statement about John's complaints against his neighbors based on

presumptions since I don't really know anything about his case. 我不能仅凭推测就对约翰投诉邻居发表意见，因为我确实对这个案子一无所知。

2 [C] sth. that is thought to be true or probable 可能的事；认为真实的事

There is a general presumption that fatty foods are bad for your heart. 人们普遍认为含脂肪多的食物对心脏不好。

Milestone

n. [C]

1 a very important stage or event in the development of sth. 重要事件；转折点；里程碑

Rituals mark a person's milestones in life and at work, and they bring members of the

family together to celebrate those moments. 各种仪式标志着一个人生活和工作中的重要事件，能够将家庭成员聚在一起庆祝这些重要时刻。

2 a stone by the side of a road that shows how far it is to the next town and to other places

里程碑

The group of hikers, tired and thirsty, hoped that the next milestone might be reached

soon. 这群远足者又累又渴，希望很快就能到达下一个里程碑。

Hesitant

a.

slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain, embarrassed or unwilling 犹豫的；踌躇的；不情愿的

Bill was a little hesitant at first to speak before an audience, but he quickly blossomed into

an eloquent speaker. 比尔在听众面前刚开始说话有点犹犹豫豫，但很快变得能言善辩。

Intellect

n.

1 [C, U] the ability to understand things and to think intelligently 才智；理解能力；思维能力

This postgraduate course shapes intellect and enthusiasm, and it provides practical and

professional skills. 这门研究生课程培养学生的思维能力和热情，并传授实际的专业技能。

2 [C] sb. who is very intelligent 才智出众者

He is a first-rate intellect and he impresses people with his organization and his

thoughtfulness. 他才智一流，组织能力和深思熟虑令人印象深刻。

Gross

a.

1 very unpleasant 令人不快的；令人恶心的；使人厌恶的

I tried to eat the tablets. They were so gross that I spit them out again. 我想把这些药片吃下去，但太难吃了，我又吐了出来。

2 (only before noun) being the total amount of sth. before anything is taken away 总的；毛的

In some countries today, gross investment accounts for roughly 15 percent of national

income. 在今天的某些国家，投资总额大约占到了本国收入的15%。

Irrespective

ad.

(~ of) used when saying that a particular fact has no effect on a situation and is not

important 不受某事物影响；不考虑某事物；不问某事物

The way you approach practice greatly affects how much you improve, irrespective of

your talent. 不管你才能如何，你的训练方式会极大地影响进展程度。

Disposal

n.

[U] the process of getting rid of sth. 丢掉；清除；处理

The new bill will also place a duty on council members to include recycling in their waste

disposal plans. 新法案还将使议员们承担职责，把垃圾的回收利用包含在废物处理计划中。

Hardy

a.

strong and healthy and able to bear difficult living conditions 能吃苦耐劳的；坚强的；强壮的

A few hardy joggers were out running in the cold. 几个强健的慢跑锻炼者正在户外的寒冷天气中跑步。

Confucian

a.

of or relating to Confucius or Confucianism （与）孔子（有关）的；（与）儒家（或儒学、儒教）（有关）的

Business in China is still conducted in a traditional Confucian manner where politeness

and the search for constructive relationships are of the essence, and successful business

follows the establishment of such relationships. 在中国，做生意仍然以传统的儒家方式进行，十分讲究“礼”和建设性的“关系”，在建立各种关系后生意才会成功。

doctrine

n.

[C, U] a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group

教义；主义；学说；信条

The doctrine was based on three fundamental principles. 该学说基于三个基本原则。

clash

vi.

1 (of beliefs, ideas or personalities) be very different and opposed to each other 迥然不同；不相容；抵触

I want you to have your own thoughts and feelings, even if they clash with mine. 我想让你拥有自己的思想和感受，即使它们和我的迥然不同。

2 come together and fight or compete in a contest 打斗；冲突；比赛

Eileen didn't intend to, but she clashed with a conceited woman while visiting a fashion

show. 艾琳观看时装秀的时候，和一位傲慢的女士发生了冲突，尽管她不是故意的。

Offspring

n.

[C] (pl. offspring) a person's child or children 子女；子孙；后代

Genes are the structures that carry inheritance information from parents to offspring. 基因是父母传递给子女的遗传信息结构。

Infringe

vt.

do sth. that is against a law or sb.'s legal rights 违背；触犯（法律）

It suggested that second marriages would substantially infringe the rights of inheritance of

the members of the first family. 这意味着再婚将极大地侵害前一个家庭成员的继承权利。

Curfew

n. [C, U]

1 (AmE) the time, decided by a parent, by which a child must be home or asleep in the

evening （父母规定的）儿童晚间必须回家（睡觉）的时间

Fathers and mothers must understand the wisdom and purpose of a nighttime curfew for

teenagers.父母们必须要理解给青少年规定晚上回家时间的智慧和目的。

2 a law that forces people to stay indoors after a particular time at night, or the time people

must be indoors 宵禁令；宵禁时间

During the wartime, people usually went back home as early as possible because the

evening curfew applied. 战时，因为夜间宵禁令的实施，人们通常会尽早回家。

Defiance

n.

[U] open refusal to obey sb. or sth. 违抗；反对；拒绝服从

The committee was satisfied that the gesture of defiance by the chair remained within

rules and had been well handled by the board of directors. 主席的对抗姿态并不违反规定，而且已由董事会很好地解决，委员会对此很满意。

Indignation

n.

[U] feelings of anger and surprise because you feel insulted or unfairly treated 愤怒；愤慨；义愤

The police officers and body guards have to protect public speakers who may arouse

audience indignation or worse. 警察和保镖必须保护那些会引发听众愤怒甚至更糟情形的公共演讲者。

Obedience

n. [U]

the practice of doing what sb. tells you to do, or of obeying a law or rule 服从；顺从；遵纪守法

Children were taught to show their parents obedience, duty, and respect. 孩子们接受的教育就是顺从、本分以及尊重父母。

Extinguish

vt.

1 destroy an idea or feeling, or make it stop existing 使（想法、感情）破灭；使消亡

Continuing budget cuts in education quickly extinguished any hopes for affordable public

education. 教育预算的持续削减很快就使希望公共教育能负担得起的所有想法破灭了。

2 make a fire stop burning or a light stop shining 熄灭；扑灭

When a fire starts, detecting, containing and extinguishing the flames are the three main

principles of immediate action. 火灾发生时，探测、控制、扑灭火焰是采取及时行动的三个主要原则。

Submission

n.

1 [U] the act of accepting that sb. has defeated you and that you must obey them 屈服；投降；归顺

The army intends to take the city or simply starve it into submission. 军队打算攻占这个城市，或者直接以饥饿迫其屈服。

2 [C, U] the act of giving a plan, piece of writing, etc. to sb. in authority for them to consider

or approve, or the plan, piece of writing, etc. itself 呈送；提交；呈递；提交的计划（作品等）

The application for a building permit does not require the submission of any detailed plans.

申请建筑许可证并不要求提交任何详细方案。

Propaganda

n.

[U] (usu. disapproving) ideas or statement that may be false or exaggerated and that are

used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc. 宣传；鼓吹

These recent news reports clearly contain elements of propaganda. 这些最近的新闻报道明显含有宣传的成分。

Portrait

n.[C]

1 a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person, esp. of the head and shoulders 肖像；画像

Shop windows containing the president's portrait were also smashed and vehicles were

overturned by the angry people. 装有总统肖像的橱窗被愤怒的人们打碎，汽车也被掀翻了。

2 a detailed description of sb. or sth. 详细的描述；描绘

Although basically a ghost story, this short novel is a piercingly accurate portrait of

childhood in the 1950s. 尽管基本上只是个鬼故事，但该短篇小说却敏锐准确地描述了20世纪50年代的儿童生活。

Militant

a.

using, or willing to use, force or strong pressure to achieve your aims, esp. to achieve

social or political change 动武的；好战的

Rising unemployment and fear of job losses weakened the dominance of militant

members of our unions. 失业率的上升和对失去工作的恐惧削弱了我们工会中好斗分子的主导地位。

n.

[C] sb. who uses militant methods to achieve sth. 好斗分子；激进分子

Over the next two days, 30,000 troops and police were reported to be engaged in

searches for suspected militants. 据报道，随后两天，有三万军队和警察出动来搜寻嫌疑武装分子。

Heritage

n.

[sing., U] the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many

years and that are considered an important part of its character 遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色）

Manchester has a rich cultural, economic, and sporting heritage. 曼彻斯特具有丰富的文化、经济和体育传统。

overlap

n.

[C, U] the amount by which two activities, ideas, things, etc. overlap（两种活动、观点、事物等）交搭的数量，重叠的部分

He has emphasized that there is a good deal of overlap in the figures. 他强调指出，在这些数字中有许多部分重叠。

v.

if two or more things overlap, part of one thing covers part of the other 交搭；（与）（某

物）部分重叠

One of his two front teeth slightly overlapped the other. 他两颗门牙有点相互交错。

Methodology

n.

[C, U] a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity 方法学；方法论；系统方法

This new teaching methodology is based upon a careful examination of the relationship

between theory and practice. 新的教学法是在对理论和实践的关系进行仔细研究的基础上提出的。

Preach

vt.

express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it 灌输；竭力劝导

The people felt that the prime minister was trying to preach peace and tolerance rather

than to explain the steps he would take to accomplish the important endeavor. 人们感到首相只是在鼓吹和平和忍耐，根本不解释他为了完成这一重要尝试所采取的步骤。

v.

talk about a religious subject at a religious meeting, esp. in church （尤指在教堂里）布道，讲道

He was invited to preach in several other churches in the neighborhood. 他应邀前往附近其他几个教堂布道。

Armor

vt.

provide (sb.) with emotional, social, or other defenses 为…提供（感情、社交或其他方面的）防御

As was expected, she had mentally armored herself against the inevitable criticisms. 正如大家所料，她已经在心理上把自己保护起来，以应对不可避免的批评。

n.

[U] metal or leather clothing that protects your body, worn by soldiers in battles in past

times 盔甲；甲胄

There was a man on guard, wearing leather armor and a helmet that didn't match. 有个人在站岗，穿戴的皮甲和头盔都不相配。

Confer

vt.

(fml.) give sth. such as authority, a legal right, or an honor to sb. 授予（权力、权利或荣誉等）

The children happen to be born in a country where birth confers the right of citizenship. 这些孩子们刚好出生在一个出生就授予公民权的国家。

vi.

discuss sth. with other people in order to reach a decision 讨论；商谈；商议；协商

Political leaders were conferring with economists on how to best ease the economic

depression. 政界领导正在与经济学家商讨如何才能最大程度地减轻经济衰退。

Blueprint

n. [C]

1 a plan for achieving sth. 行动方案；计划蓝图

This booklet isn't a blueprint for developing an effective policy, but a guide. 这个小册子并不是形成有效政策的蓝图，而只是一个指南。

2 a photographic print of a plan for a building, machine, etc. on special blue paper 蓝图；设计图

These WII documents contain the blueprint for a nuclear bomb which Hitler ordered his

team of scientists to develop. 这些二战期间的文件含有希特勒命令他的科学家团队研发核弹的设计图。

Pudding

n.

[C, U] a cooked sweet dish served after the main course of a meal 布丁（主食后的甜点）

Phrases and expressions

gorge (oneself) on sth.

eat until you are too full to eat any more 贪婪地吃；狼吞虎咽

After you've gorged yourself on all the "all-you-can-eat buffet", you will be too tired to go

out with us and have fun. 当你狼吞虎咽地吃完“不限量自助餐”所有的东西，你也就疲倦了，没法跟我们出去玩乐。

lose weight

take off weight 减轻体重

tiptoe around sth.

try to avoid dealing with a difficult or embarrassing subject or problem 避而不谈（困难或尴尬的话题或问题）

I already know what everyone is saying about me; so, you know you don't have to tiptoe

around that subject with me. 我已经知道别人怎么说我，所以，你知道，就这个话题是不用跟我绕圈子的。

in terms of

regarding; concerning 就…而言；从…方面说来

For many businesses the administration of employees' expense accounts can be an

unwanted headache, both in terms of time spent and cost. 对许多企业来说，对雇员开支账户的管理，不管是时间还是成本花费，都是令人棘手和头疼的问题。

get away with sth.

escape blame, punishment, or undesirable consequences for (an act that is wrong or

mistaken) 逃避，躲过（错误行为）所带来的责备（惩罚或后果）

Luke never could get away with lying to his mother. 卢克对他妈撒谎的话，是绝对逃脱不了惩罚的。

at one's disposal

available for one to use at any time 由某人支配；供某人使用

I don't see why we can't open up a new community center; it should be easy with all the

resources that we have at our disposal. 我不明白为什么不能开设新社区中心，以我们手头的所有资源这是容易办到的。

force sth. on / upon sb.

make sb. do or accept sth. even though they do not want to 把…强加于…

It is unwise to force your own views on other people. 把你的观点强加给别人是不明智的。

provide for sb. / sth.

give sb. the things they need to live, such as money, food, etc. 提供生活所需

You will give your time to care for the children, provide for all their needs and take them

out regularly. 你要抽出时间照看孩子，提供他们需要的一切，并定期带他们出去玩。

have authority over

be able or have the power to control or manage 具有对…的管辖权

Students at the university have authority over their own learning. 该大学的学生有权管理自己的学习。

don't get me wrong

(spoken) used when you want to make sure that sb. understands your comments correctly,

esp. when you are criticizing sth. （尤指在批评某事时）不要误解我，不要曲解我

Don't get me wrong – we're not asking for any favors from the referee. 不要误解我——我们并不是想让裁判有任何偏袒。

for one's part

used when saying what a particular person thinks or does, as opposed to other people

就…而言

For my part I would gladly forgive him for anything that might still need forgiveness. 对我来说，我会很乐意地宽恕他所有仍需要宽恕的事情。

have a high / low / good / bad opinion of sb. / sth.

think that sb. or sth. is very good or very bad 对（某人或某事）有（很高、很低、很好、很坏的）评价

Most people had a low opinion of the politicians and felt that they were not dedicated. 大多数人对这些政客们的评价很低，觉得他们没有奉献精神。

the proof is in the pudding

(also the proof of the pudding is in the eating) used to say that you can only know whether

sth. is good or bad after you have tried it 布丁好不好，吃了才知道（评价事物的好坏只能凭实践检验）

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