制冷型和非制冷型的红外成像仪原理

制冷型和非制冷型的红外成像仪原理

Infrared imaging cameras, also known as thermal imaging cameras,

are an important tool in various industries. They are used to detect

and visualize the temperature of objects and materials by capturing

the infrared radiation emitted by them. The two main types of

infrared imaging cameras are refrigerated (cryogenic) and uncooled.

红外成像仪，也称为热成像仪，在各行各业中都是重要的工具。它们通过捕

获物体和材料发射的红外辐射来检测和可视化它们的温度。红外成像仪主要

有两种类型，即制冷型（冷却型）和非制冷型。

Refrigerated infrared cameras, also known as cryogenic cameras, use

a cooling system to maintain the detector at a very low temperature,

typically around -320°F (-196°C). This cooling process allows the

detector to be more sensitive to the infrared radiation and produce

higher resolution images. The cryogenic cooling system usually

involves using a mechanical refrigeration system or a Stirling cooler

to achieve the low temperatures required for optimal performance.

制冷型红外相机，也称为冷却型相机，采用冷却系统将探测器保持在非常低

的温度，通常约为-320°F（-196°C）。这种冷却过程使得探测器对红外辐

射更加敏感，并能够产生更高分辨率的图像。冷却系统通常涉及使用机械制

冷系统或 stirling 制冷器来实现所需的低温，以获得最佳性能。

On the other hand, uncooled infrared cameras do not require a

cooling system to operate. Instead, they use microbolometers to

detect the infrared radiation and convert it into an electrical signal,

which is then processed to create an image. The absence of a cooling

system simplifies the design of uncooled cameras and reduces their

overall weight and power consumption. However, uncooled cameras

are generally less sensitive and have lower image quality compared

to their refrigerated counterparts.

另一方面，非制冷型红外相机不需要冷却系统来运行。它们使用微测辐射计

来检测红外辐射并将其转换为电信号，然后处理以创建图像。非冷却相机的

设计简化和减少了整体重量和功耗。然而，与制冷型相机相比，非冷却相机

通常灵敏度较低，图像质量也较低。

One of the factors that differentiate the two types of infrared

imaging cameras is their cost. Refrigerated infrared cameras are

generally more expensive due to the complex cooling system and

the higher sensitivity of the detector. The cost of cryogenic cooling

components and the maintenance required for these systems

contribute to the overall higher cost of refrigerated cameras. On the

other hand, uncooled infrared cameras are more affordable and have

lower operating costs, making them suitable for applications where

cost is a deciding factor.

区分两种红外成像仪的因素之一是它们的成本。由于复杂的冷却系统和探测

器的更高灵敏度，制冷型红外相机通常更昂贵。制冷冷却组件的成本和这些

系统所需的维护工作都会导致制冷相机的整体成本较高。另一方面，非制冷

型红外相机价格更实惠，运行成本更低，因此适用于成本是决定因素的应用

场景。

In terms of performance, refrigerated infrared cameras have a higher

thermal sensitivity and produce clearer and more detailed images,

especially in low-temperature and long-range applications. The

cooling system allows for better long-wave infrared detection and is

suitable for applications that require high image quality and accuracy.

On the other hand, uncooled infrared cameras have a lower thermal

sensitivity and may not perform as well in extreme temperature

conditions or long-range imaging. However, they are still capable of

producing acceptable images for certain applications.

在性能方面，制冷型红外相机具有更高的热灵敏度，并产生更清晰、更详细

的图像，特别是在低温和长距离应用中。冷却系统可以实现更好的长波红外

探测，并适用于需要高图像质量和准确性的应用。另一方面，非制冷型红外

相机的热灵敏度较低，在极端温度条件或长距离成像中可能表现不佳。然而，

它们仍然能够为某些应用程序生成可接受的图像。

In conclusion, the choice between refrigerated and uncooled infrared

imaging cameras depends on various factors such as cost,

performance requirements, and specific application needs. While

refrigerated cameras offer higher sensitivity and image quality, they

come with a higher price tag. On the other hand, uncooled cameras

are more affordable and suitable for applications where cost is a

primary concern. Understanding the differences between these two

types of infrared cameras is essential for selecting the most suitable

one for a particular application.

总之，选择制冷型和非制冷型红外成像仪取决于诸多因素，如成本、性能需

求和特定应用需求。尽管制冷型相机具有更高的灵敏度和图像质量，但价格

较高。另一方面，非制冷型相机的价格更实惠，适用于成本是主要关注因素

的应用。了解这两种红外相机之间的差异对于选择特定应用最合适的相机至

关重要。