admin管理员组文章数量:1565358
2024年6月17日发(作者:)
华为数通HCNP笔记
目录
目录 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
一、网络通信协议 ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1协议栈:一组协议的集合 ....................................................................................... 1
1.2分层设计的意义: .................................................................................................. 1
1.3分层模型OSI .......................................................................................................... 1
1.4以太网帧格式 .......................................................................................................... 2
1.5 IP编制 ................................................................................................................... 2
1.5.1 IP地址分类 ................................................................................................ 2
1.5.2私有地址范围 ............................................................................................... 3
1.5.3特殊地址 ...................................................................................................... 3
1.6 CIDR(无类域间路由) .......................................................................................... 3
1.7网关 ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.8 ICMP(控制报文协议) .......................................................................................... 4
1.9传输层协议 ............................................................................................................. 4
1.9.1 TCP特点: .................................................................................................. 4
1.9.2 UDP特点: .................................................................................................. 5
1.10 ARP(地址解析协议): ........................................................................................ 5
二、路由协议 ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.1静态路由: ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2动态路由(互相学习,自动维护) ......................................................................... 7
2.3 RIP(路由信息协议) ............................................................................................ 8
2.3.1 RIP工作原理: ........................................................................................... 8
2.3.2 RIP防止环路的方法: ................................................................................ 9
2.3.3 RIP特点: ................................................................................................ 10
2.4 OSPF(开放式最短路径优先) ............................................................................. 11
2.4.1 OSPF协议的特点: ................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 OSPF工作原理: ....................................................................................... 11
2.4.3 OSPF报文类型: ....................................................................................... 12
2.4.4 OSPF状态机: ........................................................................................... 12
2.4.5 LSA描述: ................................................................................................ 15
2.4.6 区域间路由: ............................................................................................ 15
2.4.7 OSPF配置命令: ....................................................................................... 16
2.4.8特殊区域: ................................................................................................ 16
2.5 BGP(边界网关路由协议): ................................................................................. 17
2.5.1 BGP特征: ................................................................................................ 17
2.5.2 BGP报文种类: ......................................................................................... 18
2.5.3 BGP状态机: .............................................................................................. 18
2.5.4 BGP通告原则: ......................................................................................... 20
2.5.5 BGP属性: ................................................................................................ 20
2.5.6 BGP路径选择过程: .................................................................................. 22
2.5.7 BGP路由聚合概述: .................................................................................. 23
三、交换协议 ..................................................................................................................... 25
华为数通HCNP笔记
3.1交换机工作模式: ................................................................................................ 25
3.2交换机转发行为: ................................................................................................ 25
3.3 STP(生成树协议) ............................................................................................. 25
3.3.1 STP工作原理: ......................................................................................... 25
3.3.2 Stp配置命令: ......................................................................................... 29
3.4 RSTP(快速生成树协议) .................................................................................... 29
3.4.1 RSTP技术原理: ....................................................................................... 29
3.4.2 RSTP端口状态: ....................................................................................... 31
3.4.3 RSTP配置命令: ....................................................................................... 34
四、其他协议 ..................................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Telnet应用场景: ................................................................................................ 35
4.1.1 Telnet配置命令: ................................................................................... 35
4.2 ACL(访问控制列表): ........................................................................................ 35
4.2.1 ACL基本原理: ......................................................................................... 36
4.2.2 ACL配置命令: ......................................................................................... 36
4.3 FTP(文件传输协议): ........................................................................................ 36
4.3.1 FTP运行机制: ......................................................................................... 37
4.4 链路聚合: .......................................................................................................... 38
4.4.1 链路聚合的好处: .................................................................................... 38
4.4.2 交换机配置命令 ........................................................................................ 40
4.5 VLAN(虚拟局域网) ............................................................................................ 40
1.基于端口的VLAN .............................................................................................. 41
2.基于MAC地址的VLAN ....................................................................................... 42
3.基于网络层协议的VLAN ................................................................................... 42
4.根据IP组播的VLAN ......................................................................................... 43
5.按策略划分的VLAN ........................................................................................... 43
4.5.1 VLAN配置命令: ....................................................................................... 44
4.5.2 Access端口状态: ................................................................................... 44
4.5.3 Trunk端口状态: ..................................................................................... 44
4.6 NAT(网络地址转换技术)................................................................................... 45
4.6.1 NAT和NAPT的区别: ................................................................................ 45
4.6.2 NAT配置命令: ......................................................................................... 46
4.7 DHCP(动态主机配置协议) ................................................................................. 46
4.7.1 DHCP报文类型 ........................................................................................... 46
4.7.2 地址池: ................................................................................................... 47
4.7.3 DHCP租期更新: ....................................................................................... 47
4.7.4 DHCP配置命令: ....................................................................................... 47
4.8 单臂路由: .......................................................................................................... 48
4.8.1 单臂路由配置命令: ................................................................................. 48
五、其他 ............................................................................................................................. 49
版权声明:本文标题:华为数通笔记 内容由热心网友自发贡献,该文观点仅代表作者本人, 转载请联系作者并注明出处:https://www.elefans.com/shuma/1718576250a697758.html, 本站仅提供信息存储空间服务,不拥有所有权,不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规的内容,一经查实,本站将立刻删除。
发表评论