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2024年6月14日发(作者:)
语文学刊・外语教育教学
2009
年第
7
期
TheInfluenceThatChristianityBringsUponEnglishLanguage
○
LiRuobai,JiaJingyang
(
ForeignLanguageCollege,InnerMongoliaAgriculturalUniversity,Hohhot,InnerMongolia,010020
)
[Abstract]
ToknowthehistoryofEnglishlanguageisunlikelywithoutbringingtheinfluenceofChristianityinto
stageofEnglish,le
2
mentsaretobeconsideredinthisthesis:theinfluenceofLatin,BibleandtranslationuponEnglishlanguage.
[Keywords]
Bible;
Latin;
Englishhistory
[
中图分类号
]I310
1
9
[
文献标识码
]A
[
文章编号
]1672
2
8610
(
2009
)
07
2
0067
2
02
nehand,many
EnglishwordsforchurchpracticecanfinditorigininLatin.
“
Church
”
tincludesalter,an
2
gel,candle,canon,disciple,martyr,minister,pope,psalm,
relic,therhand,manynativewordsgain
dnotborrowthe
Latinworddues,
2
wiseheavenandhellexpressconceptionsalreadyknowntoAnglo
[1]84-89
-SaxoncultureandconsequentlyEnglishwords.
Atthesametime,manyLatinwordsenteredthelifeofcom
2
monpeople,whichincludescap,silk,pear,lobster,box,mal
2
low,kitchen,kettle,enteroflearning,
anotheraspectofthe
church
’
uchasschool,master,grammatical
ultiftheChristianizingofBritain
kea
lookattheliteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiod,theinfluenceof
tthecopingworksofmonks,
theearliestpoetryofEnglandcanhardlyretainitsholdonthe
lifeandlanguageofEnglishpeople.
“
MorethanhalfofAnglo-
[1]69
SaxonpoetryisconcernedwithChristiansubjects
”
.Old
Englishcannotbeconsideredasaformoffullydevelopedlan
2
eunderstoodasthebasicformofmodernEnglish,
whichLatinlanguagehelpstoenrichitsvocabularyandformalize
riodofEnglishdevelopmentwiththehelpof
Bibletranslation,Englishenteredatimeofrapidchanging.
uction
“
Thediversityofculturesthatfindexpressioninitisare
2
minderthatthehistoryofEnglishisastoryofcultureincontact
[1]1
duringthepast1,500years.
”
TheEnglishlanguagewespeak
todaywentthroughthreestages,namely,OldEnglish,Middle
okbacktothehistoryof
English,itwouldbecertaintosaythatmanyelementshave
helpedtoshapethelanguage;butoneelementthatissocrucial
thatweshouldpayspecialattentiontoistheinfluenceof
seethedistinctiveimpactthatChristianity
bringstoEnglishindifferentperiodoflanguagedevelopment.
y,
theeffectthatChristianitysbringtooldEnglish,whichcanbe
calledLatininfluence;secondly,weshallhaveareviewofthe
historyofBibletranslation,whichisthetimethatEnglishgain
itspositionasmodernlanguage;atlastweshallseetheinfluence
ofBibleincommonsayingandliterature,whichcanshowthe
profoundimpactthatChristianitybringtoEnglishlanguage.
Ⅱ
.TheinfluenceofChristianityonOldEnglish
TheEnglishlanguageoftodayreflectsmanycenturiesofde
2
lywecalltheEnglishofAnglo-Saxonperiod
luenceofChristianityatthattimecanbe
indmuchevidenceinwordsbor
2
rowingandliteraryworks.
“
TheRomanChristianizingofBritain
in597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationand
[1]2
madesignificantadditionstoourvocabulary.
”
Intheprocess
ofChristianizingofBritain,monksbringthegospeltogetherwith
istianmissionaries
broughttheLatinalphabetintoBritain,whichhasremainedthe
process,Latinas
thelanguageoftheservicesandofecclesiasticallearningwasfre
2
thardtoimaginemanyLatin
[
作者简介
]
李若白
,
男
,
内蒙古农业大学外国语学院助教
;
Ⅲ
.BibletranslationandEnglishlanguage
“
NoworkexceptShakespearehashadsomuchinfluenceon
thephraseologyofEnglishastheauthorizedversionofthebible
atonetimefamiliartoallhouseholds
”
t
toryofbiblicaltranslationissolongthatitcon
2
tainsahugeamountofevidenceabouthowEnglishhadchanged
actofBibleonEnglishlanguageissobig
贾婧杨
,
女
,
内蒙古农业大学外国语学院助教。
—
67
—
LANGUAGE
LiRuobai,JiaJingyang/TheInfluenceThatChristianityBringsUponEnglishLanguage
ransla
2
shallgothroughthehistoryofBibletranslationinEnglish,con
2
sideringthecontributionofJohnWycliffe,Tyndale,andAuthor
2
izedVersion,torevealtheeffectsthatholyscriptbringsto
English.
ThemainversionofthebibleusedintheearlyMiddleAges
wasVulgate,SaintJerome
’
sLatintranslationfromGreekand
sttranslatorweshouldknowinthisprocessis
nslationofBibleisthefirstcomplete
hnWycliffetranslated
theBible,heenlargedtheEnglishlanguagebyadaptingmany
dstreasureandmys
2
tery,gloryandhorror,femaleandsexallowetheirEnglishus
2
agetoWycliffe’sBible
(
EnglishLanguageWords/Phrases
)
.His
translationpreservedLatinconstructionsandwordordereven
dslike
“
unsta
2
tiable
”
or
“
unglorious
”
o
thougholdeditionofBibleyouwillbelikelytoread
“
impossi
2
ble
”
as
“
unpossible
”
.Histranslationwasinusethroughoutthe
15thcentury.
TyndalecanbeconsideredasfatherofEnglishliterature
’
s
phrasesandcompounds,especiallyrelatedtogreatfeelingsand
mood.
“
Broken-heart
”
,
“
long-suffering
”
,
“
peace-maker
”
and
“
mercy-seat
”
edwordsfromthe
nslation
luentineight
languagesandisconsideredbymanytobetheprimaryarchitect
ofthephrasesTyndale
’
smakenomis
2
takethatTydale
’
sversionhasstoodthetestoftime.
“
The1611KingJamesBible
’
knownas
“
translationto
endalltranslations
”
,becamethemostwidelyusedprotestant
efirstauthoritativestatebible,alsoknown
luencehasbeenmoreprofound
onthelinguistichabitsofEnglish-speakersthananyother
elpedtoshapethelanguagefornearly400years.
ForcenturiesacopyoftheBiblewastobefoundinvirtuallyev
2
eryhouse,couldexpress
theirreactiontolifeinbiblicallanguage,specificallythelan
2
strecordeduseofmanyof
thewordsusedinordinaryEnglishtodaycanbefoundintheear
2
actly,Bible
translationenablescommonpeopletohaveaccesstotheholy
scriptandatthesametimehelpthemtoformalizetheirnational
language.
expressionsfromBibleevenwithoutclearknowledgewherethey
areoriginallyfrom.
“
Eyeforeye,toothfortooth
”
.Thisfamous
sayingestablishesalawgoverningrelationshipsbetweenpeople,
mea
fewofthesefamoussayings:
‘
alphaandOmega
’
/
‘
ashestoa
2
shes,dusttodust
’
/
‘
atone
’
slastgasp
’
/
‘
blindleadingthe
blind
’
/
‘
castingpearlsbeforeswine
’
/
‘
crownofthorns
’
/
‘
diggingaholeforoneself
’
/
‘
eyeofaneedle
’
/
‘
Godsavethe
king
’
.TheundeniableeffectofBibleonEnglishlanguageisthat
maybeyouneverreadtheBiblecompletelybutyouhavetouse
itsidiomstoexpressyoufeelings.
Biblicalreferencerunsthroughmuchofwesternliterature.
yarethestories
wellknow,buttheycanbevariedforeffectforparticularpurpo
2
ses,thusmanytalesabouttheBiblestoriesbecomethesubject
talkabout
“
vanityfair
”
maybeitisnotdirectlyconnectedwith
Biblestory,butonewouldimmediatelythinkaboutJohnBunyan
andhisPilgrim
’
sProgress;andsurlythenovelofThackeray.
BothworkscanfindtheirorigininEcclesiastes:allisvanity.
,itisimpossibleto
2
allythemajorsubjectofwesternliteratureisrestupon
“
salva
2
tion
”
,eBibleitselfcanbecon
2
sideredasaliteraryworkbecausemanychaptershavetheirliter
2
aturesignificance.
Aswecansee,Christianityhasitsuniqueinfluenceupon
tinenrichingitsvocabulary,Bible
translationdevelopingitslanguage,idiomsfromBibleprovoking
itsliterature,Englishbecomesamodernlanguagetogetherwith
houtthehistoryof
OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish,wecandis
2
amajorreligionoftheworld,Christianityhasitsshareofinflu
2
enceonbrief;moreover,withwidelyspreadingofchurchand
follower,itsimpactuponlanguageandcultureisprofoundand
long-lasting.
【
References
】
[1]Baugh,Albert,ryofthe
EnglishLanguage[M].ForeignLanguageTeachingandRe
2
searchPress,2001.
[2]Greer,peare[M].ForeignLanguage
TeachingandResearchPress,2007.
[3]Riches,le[M].ForeignLanguageTeaching
andResearchPress,2008.
[4]Stavrianos,lHistory:FromPrehistorytothe
21stCentury[M].PekingUniversityPress,2004.
[5]Tan,HistoryofTranslationintheWest
[M].CommercialPress,2004.
[6]Wilkens,Steve,ianityand
WesternThoughtVol.2[M].PekingUniversityPress,
2005.
(
下转第
74
页
)
Ⅳ
.TheinfluenceofBibleoncommonsayingandliterature
WiththepopularityoftheKingJamesBible,Englishlan
2
us
phrasesusedineverydayspeechhavetheiroriginintheBible.
ManyEnglishidiomsareHebrewsayingstheKJVBibletransla
2
thatShakespeare,whoseworkistheother
sourceofEnglishidiom,frequentlyquotedfromBible;itisnot
surprisetoknowthatmostEnglishspeakersusesomeidiomatic
—
68
—
LANGUAGE
ShiYanying,YangHaisheng/AnalysisontheDefinitionandStructureofLanguage
languagestructure,butitisnotsoeasytosayhow
manylevelsshouldbesetupinordertoexplainthe
mplemodelsof
languagerecognizeonlytwobasiclevels:thesetof
physicalforms
(
sounds,letters,signs,words
)
con
2
tainedinalanguage,andtherangeofabstractmean
2
-levelmodelsof
our
levelsarephonetics,phonology,grammarandseman
2
r,furtherdivisionswithinandbetween
mple,withinthe
levelofgrammar,itiscommontorecognizeadistinc
2
tionbetweenthestudyofwordstructure
(
morphology
)
andthestudyofwordsequencewithinsentences
(
syn
2
tax
)
.Withinphonology,thestudyofvowels,conso
2
nants,andsyllables
(
segmentalphonology
)
isusually
distinguishedfromthestudyofprosodyandothertones
ofvoice
(
supra-segmentalphonology
)
.Withinse
2
mantics,thestudyofvocabulary
(
lexicon
)
issome
2
timestakenseparatelyfromthestudyoflargerpatterns
heseareregularlyreferredtoas
[2]
levelsofstructure.
2
guageisnotonlyexpressedbyspeakingbutonlyby
writing,geisalso
2
monusagelanguagecanalsorefertonon-humansys
2
gestudyrelatestoman
2
yareas.
【
References
】
[1]
胡壮麟
,
姜望琪
.
语言学高级教程
[M].
北京大学出版
社
,2002.
[2]David,bridgeEncyclopediaofLanguage
[M].CambridgeUniversityPress,1987.
[3]Jack,n
DictionaryofLanguageTeaching&AppliedLinguistics
[M].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,
2000.
[4]inGeneralLinguistics[M].China
SocialSciencesPublishingHouse,1999.
Ⅳ
.Conclusion
析语言结构
史艳英 杨海升
(
内蒙古农业大学外语学院
,
内蒙古 呼和浩特
010020
;
内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院
,
内蒙古 包头
014030
)
本文主要从语言的定义和结构分析语言的特征。语言都具有以下特点
:
语言是用来表达自己和
[
摘 要
]
进行交流的工具
,
语言又具有符号性、条理性、描述性和多样性等特点。
语言
;
定义
;
结构
[
关键词
]
(
上接第
68
页
)
基督教对英语语言的影响
李若白 贾婧杨
(
内蒙古农业大学外国语言学院
,
内蒙古 呼和浩特
010020
)
[
摘 要
]
要了解英语语言的历史而不去考虑基督教对其历史的影响是不可能的。在英语发展的每个阶
段
,
基督教的影响都清晰可见。本文所要分析的是其三个方面的影响因素
:
拉丁文的影响
,
圣经的影响
,
及宗教翻
译的影响。
[
关键词
]
圣经
;
拉丁文 英语史
—
74
—
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