英语四六级考试译文笔记 第8篇

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2024年4月1日发(作者：)

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）

高等教育的一个重要作用就是要为学生走向社会和工作岗位的平稳过渡做好准备。大学只有

通过鼓励学生课堂的参与和互动才能培养学生的能力，这种能力能使学生平稳有效地做好这

个过渡。

One of the important functions of （1.……的一个重要作用）higher education should be

to prepare students for a smooth transition into society and the workplace（2.为学生走向社会

和工作岗位的平稳过渡做好准备）. Only by encouraging student participation and

interaction（ 3.学生课堂的参与和互动）can universities foster（ 4.培养）students' ability to make

the transition smoothly and effectively.

1- one of the important functions

词典释义：

function

['fʌŋk.ʃən] noun

PURPOSE 目的

countable

■the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a person) 功能，用途；职责

•The function of the veins is to carry blood to the heart.静脉的功能是将血液输送回心脏。

•I'm not quite sure what my function is within the company.我拿不太准自己在公司里有甚么

职责。

•A thermostat performs the function of controlling temperature.自动调温器的功用是控制温

度。

外刊例句：

That sums up one of the important functions of the windpipe: keeping bacteria and

other particles in the air out of the lungs, where they could cause potentially fatal

infections. (The New York Times)

替换表达：one of the main functions of

学生错误表达：

（1） one of the important contributions of

点评：contribution是指“贡献”，与“功能”不同。

2- prepare students for a smooth transition into society and the workplace

prepare sb for sth/to do sth意为“使某人准备好（做）某事”。

词典释义：

transition

tran·si·tion / trænˈzɪʃən ; trænˈzɪʃən /noun C,U formal

1. when something changes from one form or state to another过渡; 转变，变迁:

transition from sth to sth

•the smooth transition from fulltime work to full retirement从全职工作到完全退休的顺利

过渡

•Making the transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.从青少年过渡到成年有

时是一个非常痛苦的过程。

•a society that is in transition (=changing)一个正在转型的社会

•the period of transition to full democracy向全面民主的过渡时期

外刊例句：

The establishment of the UN-backed Government of National Accord in December 2015 was

supposed to guarantee Libya’s transition into a peaceful, unified country, where elected

officials rather than armed militants govern. (The Economist)

学生错误表达：

（1） make preparation for steady transformation for the society and working

点评：transformation含义是“彻底改观，大变样”，与transition（过渡）不同。

（2） transit steadily towards society and work positions

点评：transit作动词时，含义是“通过或穿过”，例如：aircraft transiting the United States and

Canada 飞越美国和加拿大的飞机，在这里使用transit不合适。如果要表示动词形式的“过

渡”，可以用transition

（3） students' preparation for the future career

点评：表达太过简略，不够准确。

（4） prepare students to fit into the society and ensure their smooth transition to the job

positions

点评：这里society是泛指，前面不能加冠词，要改为fit into society；the job positions也不

够准确，应该改为the workplace

3- student participation and interaction

名词可以作定语，所以这里student不需复数，也不需所有格。

词典释义：

participation

par·ti·ci·pa·tion / pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeʃən ; pɑːˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən /noun U

1. the act of taking part in an activity or event参加，参与:

•Thank you for your participation.谢谢你的参与。

[+ in ]

•We want more participation in the decision-making.我们想更多地参与决策。

•entertainment with plenty of audience participation 有许多观众参与的娱乐活动

interaction

UK [ˌɪn.tə'ræk.ʃən] US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable or uncountable

■when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other 交流，交往；

相互作用，相互影响

•There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.管理部门与工人

之间的沟通不足。

•Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction.语言游戏通常用来鼓

励学生间的交流。

•The play follows the interactions of three very different characters.该剧以三个性格迥异的

人物之间的交往为主线展开情节。

外刊例句：

This network means a student sitting in the Philippines can undertake an MBA degree from

the University of Surrey in the U.K., complete with tutorial support

andstudent interaction from STI. (The Economist)

学生替换表达：

（1） attend and interact in classes

点评：attend不够准确，这里可以改为participate；interact后面一般要加介词with，可以

改为interact with others in class，即participate and interact with others in class

（2） take part in course interactions

点评：一般说法是take part in class courses，后面的interaction可以改为and interact with

others

4- foster

词典释义：

UK ['fɒs.tər] US ['fɑ:.stɚ] verb

ENCOURAGE 鼓励

transitive

■to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings 鼓励；促进；培养

•I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children.我正努力培养我的孩子们对

古典音乐的兴趣。

•They were discussing the best way to foster democracy and prosperity in the former

communist countries.他们正在讨论促进前共产主义国家民主和繁荣的最佳办法。

外刊例句：

Now those schools themselves need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will

need to set them apart from computers. (The Economist)

替换表达：promote/cultivate/develop

Q：参考翻译中用了should be，不是很理解这里为什么要用虚拟语气？

A：这里不是虚拟语气，这里只是情态动词+动词原形而已。

Q：请问老师，“workplace”是可数名词，这里为什么不用复数呢？是用“the workplace”宽泛

指代工作岗位

A：the workplace是一个固定说法，表示“工作场所”，这个用法可以记起来。

the workplace

variant

used in general for referring to places where people work

discrimination in the workplace

Thesaurus: general words for offices and the workplace

hyponym

Q：workplace字典译文工作场所，会不会working post更合适呢？

A：这里不可以根据汉语直译过去，post一般指“（大机构内重要的）职位”，用在这里不合

适。

Q：遇到这种长难句要怎么翻译？我一开始翻译的时候确定了主谓宾，但是不知道要怎么把

修饰词不断加入，最后只好写了好多个小句子。我写的句子是：One of roles of the higher

education is preparing smooth transition for students toward the sociality and job. Only

though encouraging student to join class and interactive could university develop their

abilities. And this ability could make students transit steady and effectively.

A：一般来说，确定句子主谓宾后可以再确定句子各个部分之间的逻辑关系，然后用连词或

者介词将各个部分连接起来。举个例子：

（1） Only though encouraging student to join class and interactive could

university develop their abilities.

（2） And this ability could make students transit steady and effectively.

这两句话都有共同的部分ability，可以用to连接起来：Only though encouraging student to

join class and interactive could university develop their abilities to make the transition

smoothly and effectively.

2.

大学生已经处于一个能够了解自己的专业兴趣，并且能够自己做决定的年龄。因此，他们有

在自己专业内外选择选修课的自由。

University students are at the age when （1.处于一个……的年龄）they are aware of

their academic interests （2.专业兴趣）and able to make decisions on their own（3.自己做决

定）. In light of this fact（4.因此）, it is reasonable that they should be given the freedom to

take optional courses（5.选修课） both within and outside their major area of study（6.专业）.

1- be at the 处于一个……的年龄

词典释义：

age ●●●●●

The spelling aging is also used, mainly in American English. 亦拼作aging，主要用于美国英语。

1.N-VAR 可变名词 年龄 Your age is the number of years that you have lived.

•She has a nephew who is just ten years 她有一个才10岁的侄子。

•At the age of sixteen he qualified for a place at the University 16岁时，他就有

资格进入汉堡大学。

•I admired him for being so confident at his age.我钦佩他这般年纪就如此自信。

外刊例句：

Baby-boomers who haven’t yet retired are now at the age when they are most likely to

become disabled. Their numbers have been swollen by the entry of more women to the

workforce. And a gradually rising retirement age means beneficiaries collect disability

payments longer before they switch to a pension. (The Economist)

替换表达：reach/get to a stage where, reach the age when…

学生错误表达：

（1）under the age when

点评：under the age后面一般接of，即under the age of seven/eight/nine… 这里应该改为

at the age when…

（2）in an age when

点评：in an age when是指“处于……的时代”，例如：In an age when few women became

politicians, her career was unusual. 而不能指“处于一个……的年龄”。

（3）in a position that

点评：没有in a position that这样的搭配。

（4）be old enough

点评：表达不够准确。

2- academic interests

academic尤其是指在校期间的、知识方面的。

词典释义：

academic

[ˌæk.ə'dem.ɪk] adjective

STUDYING 学习的

■relating to schools, colleges and universities, or connected with studying and thinking, not

with practical skills 学校的，学院的；学术的

•academic subjects/qualifications/books学科／学历／学术书籍

•an academic institution学术机构

•the academic year (= the time, usually from September to June, during which students go to

school or college)学年

•academic standards学术水准

外刊例句：

I just happen to have moved into a different learning delivery model because I knew it would

give me greater flexibility to continue with my academic interests and spend more time with

my family. It's a model that fits around my life. (The Guardian)

学生错误表达：

（1） professional interests

点评：professional interests一般是指自己擅长领域内的兴趣，比如摄影，运动等，这与

academic interests（学术领域内的兴趣）不同。《卫报》例句：We tend to furnish our digital

identities with a string of personal and professional interests that also define the scope of our

conversations online.

（2） major appetites

点评：appetite是指“食欲；欲望”，不能用来指“兴趣”。

（3） major preference

点评：preference是指“偏爱，偏好”，与“兴趣”不同。建议写的时候多查查词典，熟悉单词

在语境下的用法。

3- make decisions on one’s own

词典释义：

短语 独立地；依靠自己地 If you do something on your own, you do it without

any help from other people.

【搭配模式】：PHR after v

•I work best on my own.我独立工作的时候效果最好。

•...the jobs your child can do on her own.孩子能独立完成的事情

外刊例句：

Mei Fong, a former Beijing correspondent of the Wall Street Journal who wrote a book about

the one-child policy, says the cost of raising a child on one’s own is such that it is usually

only rich people who try. (The Economist)

替换表达：make decisions by themselves / make their own decisions

学生错误表达：

（1）independently make decisions

点评：语序调整为make decisions independently会更加自然。

4- in light of this fact

词典释义：

[laɪt] noun

in the light of sth (US usually in light of)

■because of 因为，鉴于

•In the light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their

personal belongings.鉴于最近发生的几宗事件，我们提醒顾客要特别注意看好自己的个人物

品。

外刊例句：

Passports were devised as the means by which we could cross borders. Now you need them to

go to school, to rent a flat or be seen by a doctor. In light of this fact, it is disingenuous to

claim, as the DfE recently attempted to do, that this is not about immigration control. (The

Economist)

替换表达：Therefore/ Thus / Accordingly / Consequently

5- optional courses

词典释义：

optional

UK ['ɒp.ʃən.əl] US ['ɑ:p-] adjective

■If something is optional, you can choose whether to do it, pay it, buy it, etc 可选择的；非强

制的

•English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.英语是所有学生的必修

课，而艺术和音乐则是选修的。

外刊例句：

During the second year, many schools include a compulsory integrative, or capstone, course,

often based on business strategy, designed to pull together the first year's work. But generally

students pursue their own interests or career objectives through taking optional subjects, or

electives. (The Economist)

替换表达：optional subjects / elective courses

学生错误表达：

（1） option courses

点评：这里应该改为固定表达optional courses

（2） selective courses

点评：没有selective courses这个表达，应该改为elective courses

Q：at the age when是不是可以用说at the age that?

A：不可以。at an/the age when…是一个固定搭配，when不能用that来代替。

Q：中文的因此，有多种翻译方法，可否请老师讲解一下，怎么选择合适的书面用语，这里

只用so可否？

A：so会更加偏向于口语化的表达，这里可以用更加正式的therefore

Q：choose optional course 这个用法可以吗？

A：可以，但是course要改为复数形式courses

3.

学生的注意力持续时间可能相对有限，在长时间的课程过程中，他们的思路很可能就转移到

其它地方了。还有的学生在听讲的过程中虽然一直保持清醒，但他们把精力都用在匆忙记笔

记上了。

Students may have a relatively limited attention span（1.注意力持续时间）, and their minds are

likely to drift off（ 2.转移）to other things during long lectures（3.长时间的课程）. Even students

who remain awake and alert （4.保持清醒）during lectures may spend more of their

energy scrambling to take notes（5.匆忙记笔记）.

1- attention span

词典释义：

span

[spæn] noun

TIME 时间

countable usually singular

■the period of time that sometimes exists or happens 一段时间

•He has a short attention / concentration span.他的注意力持续时间很短。

•an average life span of seventy years平均寿命70岁

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