[原创]语言学名词解释

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2024年3月17日发(作者：)

一绪论

1 Linguisitics :Linguistics is generally defined as the scientic

study of language

2 Phonetics : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics

communication is called example,vowels and

consonants

3 Phonology” : The study of how sounds are put together and

used in communication is called

example,phone,phoneme,and allophone.

4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are

arranged to form words is called example,boy

and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher.

5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are

combined to form sentences is called esample,”John

like linguistics.”

6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called

semantics. For example,:The seal could not be zoo

keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found,The king

became worried.” Here the word seal means different things.

7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called

example, “I do” The word do means different

context.

8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to

society is called example,regional

dialects,social variation in language.

9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to

workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.

二 音系学

1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic

communication is called phonetics.

2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used

in communication is called phonology.

3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we

use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or

segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some

do,some don’t.

4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds

which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called

phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a

phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the

allophones of that phoneme.

6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the

same phoneme are said to be in compkenebtary distribution.

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