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2024年3月12日发(作者:)
波特五力模型 英语
The Porter Five Forces Model
The Porter Five Forces Model is a framework for
analyzing the competitiveness of an industry. It was
developed by Michael Porter, a management professor at
Harvard University. The model identifies five factors that
determine the intensity of competition within an industry and
the overall profitability of the industry.
1. Threat of new entrants
New entrants to an industry can increase competition and
reduce profitability. The threat of new entrants is high when
it is easy for new companies to enter the industry. Factors
that determine the ease of entry include barriers to entry
such as regulations, capital requirements, economies of scale,
and brand recognition.
2. Bargaining power of suppliers
Suppliers can exert power over an industry by raising
prices or reducing the quality of their products. The
bargaining power of suppliers is higher when there are few
suppliers, the suppliers’ products are unique, and the cost
of switching suppliers is high.
3. Bargaining power of buyers
Buyers can exert power over an industry by demanding
lower prices or higher quality products. The bargaining power
of buyers is higher when there are few buyers, the products
are undifferentiated, and the cost of switching products is
low.
4. Threat of substitute products or services
Substitute products or services can reduce demand for an
industry’s offerings and reduce profitability. The threat of
substitutes is higher when there are many substitutes
available, they are of equal or better quality, and they are
priced competitively.
5. Rivalry among existing competitors
The intensity of competition among existing competitors
in an industry can affect profitability. Rivalry is higher
when there are many competitors, the industry is growing
slowly or declining, the products are undifferentiated, and
exit barriers are high.
In conclusion, the Porter Five Forces Model is an
important tool for analyzing the competitiveness and
profitability of an industry. By considering the threat of
new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers,
threat of substitute products or services, and rivalry among
existing competitors, firms can develop strategies to compete
effectively within their industry.
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