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(完整版)2018年12月英语六级考试真题详细参考答案(全三套)
2018年12月六级考试真题参考答案(全三套)
第一套
六级听力原文
conversation 1
Hey I just read a great book about physics。I think you‘d
like it。It’s called the physics of the world。It‘s written by a
scientist named Sylvia Mendez。
Oh I read that book。It was great。The writer is a warm and
competent guide to the mysteries of physics。I think it promises
enrichment for any reader from those who know little about
science to the career physicist。
And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman
adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has
been traditionally dominated by men。I think she has to be
commended for making an effort
to include anecdotes about little known female scientists。You know they were often victims of a generation firmly
convinced that the woman’s place was in the home。
I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter
brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge。For example
in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by
university physics professors。I’ve often heard that medieval
glass windows are thicker at the bottom
because glass flows like a fluid。This,she shows,is not true。The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the
glassmakers process。
Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by
providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the
same foundational principles of classical physics that govern
everything from the solar system to your kitchen table。From
using complex laws of physics to test whether
a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure
by lifting a piece of cardboard。Her hands-on examples make
her book a truly interactive read。
Yes I must say this a equation-free book is an ideal read for
scientists of all stripes,anyone teaching science and even
people who dislike physics。
Question 1:what does the woman say about the book the
man recommended?
Question 2:what can we find in the book the man
recommended。?
Question 3:How does the author bring her book to life?
Question 4:How does the book cultivate readers interest in
physics。
conversation 2
A:Hi professor。I was hoping I could have a moment of
your time if you‘re not too busy。I’m having some problems
getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could
give me some advice on how to begin。
B:Sure。I have quite a few students can you
remind me what your topic is?
A:the general topic I chose is aesthetics,but that‘s as far
as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there。
B:Yeah,that‘s much too large a topic。You really need to
narrow it down in order to make it more accessible。Otherwise
you’ll be writing a book。
A:Exactly。That‘s w hat I wanted to ask you about。I was
hoping it would be possible for me to change topics。I’m really
more interested in nature than beauty。
B:I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic。Still,If you’re interested in nature,then that certainly can be
worked into your dissertation。We‘ve talked about Hume
before in class right。
A:Oh yeah,he‘s the philosopher who wrote about where
our ideas of beauty come from。
B:Exactly。I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of
his biography。Start from there。But remember to stick to the
parameters of the assignment。This paper is a large part of your
cumulative grade。So make sure to follow the instructions。If
you take a look at his biography。You can get a good idea of
how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of
beauty。specifically the way he looked towards nature as the
origin of what we find beautiful。
A:Great。Thanks for taking the time to answer my
questions,Professor。I‘ll let you get back to class now。
B:If there‘s anything else you need,please come see me
in my office any time。
Question 5:What is the man‘s problem?
Question 6 What does the professor think of the man‘s
topic?
Question 7 What’s the man really more interested in?
Question 8 what does the professor say the man has to do?
passage 1
During the arctic winter from October to March,the average
temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus
20 degrees Celsius。But this year the Arctic is experiencing much
higher temperatures。On February the 20th the temperature in
Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it
stayed there for over 24 hours。Then on February the 24th the
temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees
Celsius。Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as
stunning。Weather conditions that drive this bizarre
temperature surge have visited the Arctic before。They typically
appear about once in a decade。However,the last such increase
in temperature took place two years ago。This is troubling as
climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are
creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could
accelerate Arctic warming。Indeed,sea ice cover in the Arctic is
melting faster than expected。Without those masses of cooling
sea ice,warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further
inland than it ever did before。The air can stay warmer longer
too。This drives additional melting。Overall earth is warming at
a rapid pace。2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on
record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else
on earth。This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and
indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive。Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice
would disappear entirely by around 2060,but based on what
scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers
without ice within 20 years。
Question 9。What did climate scientists describe as stunning?
A)The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland。
Question 10。What does the passage say about that
temperature surge in the Arctic?
Question 11。what may occur in 20 years according to
scientists’ recent observations?
Passage2
A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task
through whether it‘s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a
great novel。And
if you want to increase that willpower。 A new study
suggests you just simply have to believe you have it。According
to this study,what matters most is what we think about our
willpower。If we believe it’s a finite resource,we act that way,we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental
tasks。However,people who view their willpower as a limitless
resource get energized instead。The researchers used a
psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study。They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade
different statements such as after a challenging mental activity,my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or
I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired。
[00:01:08] Although there was little difference between
men and women overall。Americans were more likely to admit
to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks
European participants on the other hand claimed they were able
to keep going。Based on the findings,the researchers suggest
that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you
have an abundant supply of it。Your feelings about your
willpower affect the way you behave。But these feelings are
changeable,they said。Changing your beliefs about the nature
of your self-control can have positive effects on character
development。This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions
of other people。
Question 12 What is often necessary for carrying through a
task?
Question 13 What is the finding of the new study?
Question 14 What do we learn about European participants
as compared with their American counterparts?
Question 15 What do the research say con cerning people‘s
feelings about willpower?
lecture 1
Here is my baby niece Sarah。Her mum is a doctor and her
dad is a lawyer。By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her
parents do are going to look dramatically different。In 2013,researchers at Oxford
University did a study on the future of work。They concluded
that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being
automated by machines。Machine learning is the technology
that‘s responsible for most of this disruption。It’s the most
powerful branch of artificial intelligence。It allows machines to
learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can
do。My company,Kaggle,operates on the cutting edge of
machine learning。We bring together hundreds of thousands of
experts to solve important problems for industry and academia。This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do,what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or
threaten。Machine learning started making its way into industry
in the early 90s。It started with relatively simple tasks。It started
with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications,sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes。Over the past
few years,we have made dramatic breakthroughs。Machine
learning is now capable of far,far more complex tasks。In 2012,Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could
grade high school essays。The winning programs were able to
match the grades given by human teachers。Now given the right
data,machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like
this。 A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career。
A machine can read millions of essays within minutes。We have
no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks,but there are things we can do that machines
cannot。Where machines have made very little progress is in
tackling novel situations。Machines can’t handle things they
haven‘t seen many times
before。The fundamental limitation of machine learning is
that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data。But
humans don’t。We have the ability to connect seemingly
different threads to solve problems we‘ve never seen before。
Question 16 what did the researchers at Oxford University
conclude?
Question 17。What do we learn about Kaggle companies
winning programs?
Question 18。What is the fundamental limitation on
machine learning?
lecture 2
we‘ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable
energy。We’ve also talked about the different theories on how
that can be done。So far,our discussions have all been
theoretical。Now I have a practical question for you all。Can you
run a 140,000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by
solar power?Well,one engineer,Tim Casselman,believes
it‘s possible。And his home city of Sacramento,California
should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading
of its rail yard。Casselman,who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary,is campaigning for a new steam
train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10
kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city
commuters a green alternative to their cars。Casselman wants to
build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line
to collect
and focus heat onto water filled tubes。This would generate
steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train
without the use of fire。
Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the
shortest distance
from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy
lost。According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is
researching modern steam technology, a special tank
measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of
energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for
an hour or so。Energy to drive a steam locomotive
can be stored in other materials besides water for example a
team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can
store large amounts of heat when heated。These materials turn
from a solid into a liquid
absorbing energy as they change phase。The liquid is
maintained above
its melting point until steam is required at which point the
liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored
energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested
calcium compound as an energy storage material。Heating this
chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving
calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to
recover the energy the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide。In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough
temperature to generate superheated steam。
Question 19:What has the speaker previously talked about?
Question 20:What is Tim Casselman trying to do in
Sacramento?
Question 21:what has a Japanese research team tried to do?
Lecture 3
Today‘s crisis in care for older people in England has two
main causes。
First,people are living longer with a lot more complex
needs。Second,they rely on a system that has long been
marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services。
Current services originate in two key measures。They are the
National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act。This required local government to provide residential
accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run
by independent organizations。
They also provided home and community services including
meals,day centers and home helpers and other subsidized
services。The National Health Service was free and wholly
publicly provided。It delivered the best health-care for all。No
such vision guided residential and community care though。The
care was substantially provided by voluntary services which
worked together with local authorities as they long had with
eligibility based on income。Today,life expectancy has risen
from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now。In addition,there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge
and care。This means an unprecedented number of people are
surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support。Families
provide at least as much care as they ever did。Even so,they
can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal
needs。Care for older people faced persistent criticism
as these trends became apparent。From the early 1960s,local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services。The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes
for as long as possible,but this increased concern about the lack
of coordination between free health and paid-for social care。Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve
matter。However at a time of financial crisis,funding
diminished and little changed。In the 1980s,the government
cut spending。Meanwhile,preference for private over public
services made management even more difficult。Simultaneously,the number of sick older people grew。Governments
emphasized the need to improve services。They did so though
while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid。Services
were irregular across authorities。Unless you were prepared to
pay,they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the
most severely disabled。Why has 60 years of criticism produced
so little change。Discrimination against older people has a long
history。Additionally,those affected by inadequate health and
social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have
addressed other forms of discrimination。
Question 22 what is one cause of the current crisis in care for
the elderly in England?
Question 23。What does the speaker say about residential
and community care?
Question 24。What made management of care for the
elderly more difficult in the 1980s?
Question 25。What does the speaker say about older people
in England?
听力
Section A
1. D) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.
2. A) Storiesabout some female physicists.
3. B) Byincluding lots of fascinating knowledge.
4. C)It provides experiments they can do themselves.
5. A) He has noidea how to proceed with his dissertation.
6. C) It is tooabroad.
7. D) Nature.
8. B) Stick tothe topic assigned.
Section B
9.A) The unprecedented high temperature inGreenland.
10. B) Ittypically appears about once every ten years.
11. C) Icelesssummers in the Arctic.
12. D) A strongdetermination.
13. C) It ismost important to have confidence in one’s
willpower.
14. D) Theycould keep working longer.
15. D) They arepart of their nature.
Section C
16. D) Abouthalf of current jobs might be automated.
17. A) Theycould grade high-school essays just like human
teachers.
18. B) It hasto rely on huge amounts of previous data.
19. C) Thetheoretical aspects of sustainable energy.
20. D) Drivetrains with solar energy.
21. C) Find anew material for storing energy.
22. B) The poorrelation between national health and social
care services.
23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.
24. B) Their preference for private services.
25. C) They have long been discriminated against.
阅读
选词填空
Just off the coast of Southern California……
26-30 F B L H D
31-35 A M K E G
26. F) dwells
27. B) chaos
28. L) predators
29. H) fierce
30. D) declared
31. A) aggressive
32. M) remove
33. K) monitoring
34. E) dedicated
35. G) extinction
段落匹配
Do Parents Invade children’s Privacy When They Post
Photos Online?
36-40 H M N E B
41-45 A J L G D
仔细阅读
Passage One—Perhaps it is time……
46-50 B A C D A
Passage Two—The public……
51-55 D B A C D
博物馆
【中文原文】
近年来,中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前,排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今,展览形式越
来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术,使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览,人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而,现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。
翻译
In recent years, more and more museums in China are open
to the public free of charge. The number of exhibitions and
visitorsto the museum has increased significantly. Long queues
are commonplace in frontof some popular museums. These
museums have to take measures to limit thenumber of visitors.
Nowadays, exhibition forms are more and morediverse.
Some large museums adopt advanced technologies such as
multimedia andvirtual reality to make exhibitions more attractive.
Many museums also stageonline exhibitions, where people can
appreciate rare exhibits. However, theexperience of seeing the
exhibits on site is more attractive to most visitors.
写作
How to balance academic study and extracurricular activities
Recently, the topic of the balance between academic studies
and extracurricular activities has been brought to public
attention. We can find many examples easily: students’ study
load makes them out of breath and leaves them no time for
leisure.
If this situation continues to worsen, young people’s
physical and mental status raises the alarm. Thus, it’s urgent to
st rike a good balance between study and rest/personal hobbies.
For one thing, too much academic work gives rise to immunity
deterioration, which causes many health problems. For another,
free time/constructive pastime helps us live in a positive cycle.
Therefore, what we should do is to find enough time to
develop our hobbies by finishing the homework on time and
attending some beneficial activities off school. For example,
regular exercise is a recommendable extracurricular activity to
get relaxed.
By doing exercises your body can produce a hormone that
makes you recover from exhaustion. What’s more, you can
transfer your focus from busy study by attending a reading
seminar , thereby getting your intense nerves calm down.”
第二套
听力
Section A
1. C) Take a picture of him.
2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.
3. B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.
4. A) They are far from satisfactory.
5. A) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists
6. B) The origin of the universe.
7. D) Why there is a universe at all.
8. C) the universe formed due to a sufficient amount of
matter.
Section B
9. B) she woke up speaking with a different accent.
10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury
11. C) Russian
12. D) Books about swimming.
13. B) She published a guide to London’s best swimming
spots.
14. C) They were prohibited from swimming.
15. C) She was the first woman to swim across the English
Channel.
Section C
16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies.
17. B) They are skeptical of its reliability.
18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.
19. C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.
20. C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild
zones.
21.D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of
language diversit y.
22 .A) Its middle-class is disappearing.
23. B) They could realize their dreams though hard work.
24. D) Full employment.
25. C) Hire part-time employees only.
阅读
选词填空
Surfing the Internet开头
26-30 F C A E M 31-35 K O N H L
26. F) grasp
27. C) evaluated
28. A) aptitude
29. E) filtering
30. M) significant
31. K) raising
32. O) typical
33. N) suffer
34. H) minimize
35. L) resist
段落匹配
标题:A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges After 300
Years
36-40 K I E M G 41-45 O C L F D
仔细阅读
Passage One—while human achievements
46-50 CBBAA
Passage Two—For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage
51-55 BCDAC
图书馆
【中文原文】
中国越来越重视公共图书馆,并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明,中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建,为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料,而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来,也出现了许多数字图书馆,从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统,使读者借书还书更加方便,进一步满足了读者的需求。
翻译
More and more attention has been paid to public libraries in
China, and people are encouraged to make full use of them.
Recent statistics show that the number of public libraries in China
is increasing year by year. Many libraries have created a quieter
and more comfortable environment for readers through
renovation and expansion.
The large-scale public libraries not only provide a wide range
of reference materials, but also regularly organize lectures,
exhibitions and so on. In recent years, many digital libraries have
also emerged, thus saving the space needed to store books.
Some libraries
have also introduced self-service systems, which make it
more convenient for readers to borrow and return books and
further meet the needs of readers.
写作
How to balance job responsibilities and personal interests
Recently, the topic of the balance between work and
leisure/hobby has been brought to public attention. We can find
many examples easily: modern people’s workload makes
people out of breath and leaves them no time for leisure/their
interest.
If this situation continues to worsen, their physical and
mental status raises the alarm. Thus, it’s urgent to strike a good
balance between working duties and rest/personal hobbies. For
one thing, too much work gives rise to immunity deterioration,
which causes many health problems. For another, free
time/constructive pastime helps us live in a positive cycle.
Therefore, what we should do is to find enough time to
rest/develop our hobbies by finishing the task on time and
arranging some beneficial activities off work. For example,
regular exercise is a recommendable way to get relaxed. By doing
exercises your body can produce a hormone that makes you
recover from exhaustion. What’s more, you can transfer your
focus from busy job by reading an interesting book or listening
to a favorite song, thereby getting your intense nerves calm
down.”
第三套
阅读
选词填空
In what‘s probably开头
26-30 A) I) F) J) B) 31-35 G) K) M) D) E)
26. A) advances
27. I) otherwise
28. F) devising
29. J) predators
30. B) boundaries
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