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2024年6月29日发(作者：)

曼昆宏观经济学(英文版)名

词解释

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GDP is the market value of final goods and services produced within a country in a

given period of time.

Consumption is spending by households n goods and services, with the exception of

purchased of new housing.

Investment is spending on capital equipment inventories, and structures, including

household purchases of new housing.

Government purchases are spending on goods and services by local, state, ad

federal government.

Net export is spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners (exports)

minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents (imports)

Nominal GDP is the production of goods and services valued at current prices.

Real GDP is the production of goods and services valued at constant prices.

GDP deflator is a measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to

real GDP times 100.

CPI is measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical

consumer.

Inflation rate is the percentage change in the price index from the preceding period.

Producer price index (PPI) is a measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services

bought by firms.

Nominal interest rate is the interest rate as usually reported without a correction of

the effects of inflation.

Real interest rate is the interest rate corrected for the effects of inflation.

Productivity is the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a

worker’s time.

Physical capital is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce

goods and services.

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