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2024年6月7日发(作者:)
Reduplication
1. Definition
Reduplication is an important phenomenon in language studies.
It
is a morphological process in
which the root or stem of a word, or part of it, is repeated. This repetition is used to convey a
grammatical function, such plurality, intensification, etc. It is found in many languages, though its
importance and productivity varies.
2. Types of Reduplication
There are two different of classification of reduplication,one is as follo
ws:
2.1 Rhyming Reduplication(押韵重叠词)
It is made by t
wo almost identical words (minimal pairs) with a change in the initial consonants
like honey-pokey, razzle-dazzle, super-duper, teenie-weenie,output, nitty-gritty, wingding,etc.
2.2 Exact Reduplication(同名重叠词)
Several of these are baby-talk, showing how they are used to help youngsters learn the
is made of one word by repeating,such as bye-bye, choo-choo, night-night, no-no,
pee-pee, so-so, gee-gee, wee-wee,tut-tut, fifty-fifty, moo-moo, baa-baa,quack-quack,etc.
2.3 Ablaut Reduplications(元音变换重叠词)
Two almost identical words(minimal pairs) with a change in the vowels. In the ablaut
reduplications, the first vowel is almost always a high vowel and the reduplicated ablaut variant of
the vowel is a low vowel. Such as bric-a-brac, chit-chat, criss-cross, ding-dong, jibber-jabber,
kitty-cat, knick-knack, pitter-patter, splish-splash, teeter-totter.
2.4
Shm-Reduplication(shm-叠词)
Shm-reduplication is a form of reduplication in which the original word or its first syllable (the
base) is repeated with the copy (the reduplicant) beginning with shm- (sometimes schm-),
pronounced /ʃm/. The construction is generally used to indicate irony, derision or skepticism with
respect to comments about the discussed object as baby-shmaby, cancer-schmancer and
fancy-schmancy,This process is a feature of American English from Yiddish, starting among the
American Jews of New York City, then the New York dialect and then the whole country.
There is the other one:
2.a Full Reduplication
It involves the exact repetition of a sound or word. In English this would involve putting together a
sound or morpheme to bring forth an entirely new grammatical function or semantic feature while
full reduplication would be used to provide is similar to exact reduplication.
2.b Partial reduplication
It involves reduplication of only a part of a word. It is similar to the r
hyming reduplication and
ablaut reduplications.
3. Function of Reduplications
Reduplication is used in inflections to convey a grammatical function, such as plurality,
intensification, etc., and in lexical derivation to create new words. It is often used when a speaker
adopts a tone more "expressive" or figurative than ordinary speech and is also often, but not
exclusively, iconic in meaning. Reduplication is found in a wide range of languages and language
groups, though its level of linguistic productivity varies.
Reduplication is the standard term for this phenomenon in the linguistics literature. Other terms
that are occasionally used include cloning, doubling, duplication, repetition, and tautonym.
4. Reduplication in the Acquisition of Language
It has commonly been stated, that “children like reduplication”1. And indeed, the reduplication
of syllables is one of the most frequent processes of first language acquisition on the prosodic
phonological level (quite apart from reduction in consonant-clusters and the deletion of unstressed
syllables). In contrast to morphological reduplication, as it is systematically used by adults in
many languages of the world, reduplication in language acquisition is purely a phonological
phenomenon, and entirely unrelated to the morphological reduplication which can appear in the
target language. Phonological reduplication produced by children can be observed from the very
beginning of the language acquisition until some 18 to 24 months of age.
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