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2024年6月6日发(作者:)
Designation:D4329–05
StandardPracticefor
FluorescentUVExposureofPlastics
1
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4329;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof
originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,rinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A
superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.
*
1.1Thispracticecoversspecificproceduresandtestcondi-
tionsthatareapplicableforfluorescentUVexposureofplastics
conductedinaccordancewithPractices
practicealsocoversthepreparationoftestspecimens,thetest
conditionsbestsuitedforplastics,andtheevaluationoftest
results.
1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsareberegardedasstandard.
Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe
safetyconcerns,ifany,e
responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-
priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
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1—ThispracticeistechnicallysimilartoISO4892-3.
G177TablesforReferenceSolarUltravioletSpectralDis-
tributions:Hemisphericalon37DegreeTiltedSurface
2.2ISOStandard:
3
ISO4892-3Plastics—MethodsofExposuretoLaboratory
LightSources—Part3,FluorescentUVLamps
2.3SAEStandard:
4
SAEJ2020AcceleratedExposureofAutomotiveExterior
MaterialsUsingaFluorescentUVandCondensation
Apparatus
ology
3.1ThedefinitionsinTerminologyG113areapplicableto
thispractice.
ficanceandUse
4.1Theabilityofaplasticmaterialtoresistdeteriorationof
itselectrical,mechanical,andopticalpropertiescausedby
exposuretolight,heat,andwatercanbeverysignificantfor
acticeisintendedtoinduceproperty
changesassociatedwithend-useconditions,includingthe
effectsofsunlight,moisture,osureusedin
thispracticeisnotintendedtosimulatethedeteriorationcaused
bylocalizedweatherphenomena,suchas,atmosphericpollu-
tion,biologicalattack,andsaltwaterexposure.(Warning—
Variationinresultsmaybeexpectedwhenoperatingconditions
ore,
noreferencetotheuseofthispracticeshouldbemadeunless
accompaniedbyareportpreparedinaccordancewithSection
8thatdescribesthespecifio
PracticeG151fordetailedinformationonthecaveatsappli-
cabletouseofresultsobtainedinaccordancewiththis
practice.)
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2—Additionalinformationonsourcesofvariabilityandon
strategiesforaddressingvariabilityinthedesign,execution,anddata
analysisoflaboratory-acceleratedexposuretestsisfoundinGuide
G141.
ncedDocuments
2.1ASTMStandards:
2
D3980PracticeforInterlaboratoryTestingofPaintand
RelatedMaterials
D5870PracticeforCalculatingPropertyRetentionIndex
ofPlastics
E691PracticeforConductinganInterlaboratoryStudyto
DeterminethePrecisionofaTestMethod
G113TerminologyRelatingtoNaturalandArtificial
WeatheringTestsofNonmetallicMaterials
G141GuideforAddressingVariabilityinExposureTesting
onNonmetallicMaterials
G147PracticeforConditioningandHandlingofNonme-
tallicMaterialsforNaturalandArtificialWeatheringTests
G151PracticeforExposingNonmetallicMaterialsinAc-
celeratedTestDevicesThatUseLaboratoryLightSources
G154PracticeforOperatingFluorescentLightApparatus
forUVExposureofNonmetallicMaterials
G169GuideforApplicationsofBasicStatisticalMethods
toWeatheringTests
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
isthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.50onPermanenceProperties.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly15,ally
eviouseditionapprovedin1999asD4329-99.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,,or
contactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@ualBookofASTM
Standardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon
theASTMwebsite.
1
4.2Reproducibilityoftestresultsbetweenlaboratorieshas
beenshowntobegoodwhenthestabilityofmaterialsis
evaluatedintermsofperformancerankingcomparedtoother
AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI),25W.43rdSt.,
4thFloor,NewYork,NY10036.
4
AvailablefromSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers(SAE),400Commonwealth
Dr.,Warrendale,PA15096-0001.
3
*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.
Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.
1
D4329–05
FIG.1RepresentativeSpectralPowerDistributionofUVA-340FluorescentLamps
materialsortoacontrol.
5
,
6
Therefore,exposureofasimilar
materialofknownperformance(acontrol)atthesametimeas
commended
thatatleastthreereplicatesofeachmaterialbeexposedto
allowforstatisticalevaluationofresults.
4.3Testresultswilldependuponthecarethatistakento
operatetheequipmentinaccordancewithPractice
G154.
Significantfactorsincluderegulationoflinevoltage,tempera-
tureoftheroominwhichthedeviceoperates,temperature
control,andconditionandageofthelamp.
tus
5.1UseoffluorescentUVapparatusthatconformstothe
requirementsdefinedinPracticesG151andG154isrequired
toconformtothispractice.
5.2Unlessotherwisespecified,thespectralpowerdistribu-
tionofthefluorescentUVlampshallconformtotherequire-
.1isa
spectralirradianceplotforatypicalUVA-340lampand
benchmarksolarradiation.
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3—ThesourceofthesunlightdatainFig.1isfromStandard
G177standardsolarspectrum.
5.3.1Locatetheapparatusinanareamaintainedbetween18
and27°C[65and80°F].Measureambienttemperatureata
maximumdistanceof150mm[6in.]fromtheplanedoorof
lofambienttemperatureisparticularly
criticalwhenoneapparatusisstackedaboveanother,because
theheatgeneratedfromthelowerunitcaninterferewiththe
operationoftheunitsabove.
5.3.2Placetheapparatusatleast300mmfromwallsor
lacetheapparatusnearaheatsource
suchasanoven.
5.3.3Ventilatetheroominwhichtheapparatusislocatedto
removeheatandmoisture.
ecimen
6.1Thesizeandshapeofspecimenstobeexposedwillbe
determinedbythespecificationsoftheparticulartestmethod
usedtoevaluatetheeffectsoftheexposureonthespecimens;
thetestmethodshallbedeterminedbythepartiesconcerned.
Wherepractical,itisrecommendedthatspecimensbesizedto
fitspecimenholdersandrackssuppliedwiththeexposure
suppliedwithaspecificbackingasan
integralpartofthetest,specimensshallbemountedsothat
onlytheminimumspecimenarearequiredforsupportbythe
exposedsurfacemustnotbe
usedaspartofthetestarea.
6.2Forspecimensofinsulatingmaterials,suchasfoams,
maximumspecimenthicknessis20mminordertoallowfor
adequateheattransferforcondensation.
6.3Toproviderigidity,attachflexiblespecimenstoa
backingpanelmadeofaluminum,0.635mm[0.025in.]thick.
Suggestedaluminumalloysare5052,6061,or3003.
2
5.3TestChamberLocation:
Fischer,R.,“ResultsofRoundRobinStudiesofLight-andWater-Exposure
StandardPractices,”AcceleratedandOutdoorDurabilityTestingofOrganic
Materials,ASTMSTP1202,andDouglasGrossman,eds.,
AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,Philadelphia,1993.
6
Ketola,W.,andFischer,R.,“CharacterizationandUseofReferenceMaterials
inAcceleratedDurabilityTests,”VAMASTechnicalReportNo.30,availablefrom
NIST,Gaithersburg,MD.
5
D4329–05
6.4Sealanyholesinspecimenslargerthan2mmandany
openingslargerthan1mmaroundirregularlyshapedspeci-
porousspecimens
toasolidbackingsuchasaluminumthatcanactasavapor
barrier.
6.5Unlessotherwisespecified,exposeatleastthreerepli-
catespecimensofeachtestandcontrolmaterial.
6.6FollowtheproceduresdescribedinPractice
G147for
identification,conditioning,andhandlingofspecimensoftest,
control,andreferencematerialspriorto,during,andafter
exposure.
6.7Donotmaskthefaceofaspecimenforthepurposeof
showingononepaneltheeffectsofvariousexposuretimes.
Misleadingresultsmaybeobtainedbythismethod,sincethe
maskedportionofthespecimenisstillexposedtotemperature
andhumiditycyclesthatinmanycaseswillaffectresults.
6.8Sincethethicknessofaspecimenmaymarkedlyaffect
theresults,thicknessoftestandcontrolspecimensshallbe
within610%ofthenominaldimensions.
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4—Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenmechanicalpropertiesare
beinginvestigated.
7.2.3CycleC:
8hUVwithuninsulatedblackpaneltemperaturecontrolledat506
3°C
4hcondensationwithuninsulatedblackpaneltemperaturecon-
trolledat5063°C
(Typicallyusedforsomeplasticbuildingproducts)
6.9Retainasupplyofunexposedfilespecimensofall
materialsevaluated.
6.9.1Whendestructivetestsarerun,ensurethatsufficient
filespecimensareretainedsothatthepropertyofinterestcan
bedeterminedonunexposedfilespecimenseachtimeexposed
materialsareevaluated.
6.10Specimensshouldnotberemovedfromtheexposure
apparatusformorethan24handthenreturnedforadditional
tests,sincethisdoesnotproducethesameresultsonall
specimensareremovedfromtheexposureapparatusfor24hor
moreandthenreturnedforadditionalexposure,reportthe
elapsedtimeasnotedinaccordancewithSection
9.
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5—Sincethestabilityofthefilespecimenmayalsobetime-
dependent,usersarecautionedthatoverprolongedexposureperiods,or
wheresmalldifferencesintheorderofacceptablelimitsareanticipated,
comparisonofexposedspecimenswiththefilespecimenmaynotbevalid.
Instrumentalmeasurementsarerecommendedwheneverpossible.
7.3PracticeG154listsseveralotherexposurecyclesthat
areusedforfluorescentUVexposuresofnonmetallicmateri-
mutualagreementbetweenallconcernedpartiesfor
thespecificexposurecycleused.
7.4Inordertominimizeanyeffectsfromtemperatureor
UVlightvariation,.2
showsadiagramofthespecimenrepositioning.
7.4.1Repositionthespecimenshorizontallytoensurethat
eachspecimenspendsthesameamountofexposuretimein
eachhorizontalpositionwithinthespecimenholderby(1)
movingthetwoextremeright-handholderstothefarleftofthe
exposurearea,and(2)slidingtheremainingholderstothe
right.
7.4.2Repositionthespecimensverticallysothateachspeci-
menspendsthesameamountofexposuretimeineachvertical
tance,iftwo
specimensarestackedverticallyineachholder,thenthetop
andbottomspecimensshouldswitchplaceshalfwaythrough
specimensarestackedvertically,thenthe
specimensshouldberepositionedverticallythreetimesduring
thetest.
7.5WaterPurity—Thepurityofwaterusedforspecimen
thepurityrequirementsin
recommendedthatdeionizedwaterbeusedforwaterusedto
producecondensation.
7.6Itisrecommendedthatacontrolmaterialbeexposedat
thesametimeasthetestspecimensforcomparisonpurposes,
ifperformancecomparisonsarenotbeingmadebetweenthe
cernedpartiesmustagreeon
thecontrolmaterialused.
7.6.1Identificationofanycontrolspecimenusedshall
accompanythereport.
sofExposureandEvaluationofTestResults
8.1Inmostcases,periodicevaluationoftestandcontrol
materialsisnecessarytodeterminethevariationinmagnitude
anddirectionofpropertychangeasafunctionofexposuretime
orradiantexposure.
8.2Thetimeorradiantexposurenecessarytoproducea
definedchangeinamaterialpropertycanbeusedtoevaluate
thodispreferredover
evaluatingmaterialsafteranarbitraryexposuretimeorradiant
exposure.
8.2.1Exposuretoanarbitrarytimeorradiantexposuremay
beusedforthepurposeofaspecifictestifagreedupon
betweenthepartiesconcernedorifrequiredforconformance
toaparticularspecifiingleexposureperiodis
used,selectatimeorradiantexposurethatwillproducethe
largestperformancedifferencesbetweenthetestmaterialsor
betweenthetestmaterialandthecontrolmaterial.
8.2.2Theminimumexposuretimeusedshallbethatnec-
essarytoproduceasubstantialchangeinthepropertyof
3
ure
7.1Whenthetestandcontrolspecimensdonotcompletely
fillthespecimenracks,fillallemptyspaceswithblankpanels
tomaintainthetestconditionswithinthechamber.
7.2Unlessotherwisespecified,programthedevicetooneof
ethedevicecontinuously.
7.2.1CycleA:
8hUVwithuninsulatedblackpaneltemperaturecontrolledat606
3°C
4hcondensationwithuninsulatedblackpaneltemperaturecon-
trolledat5063°C
(Usedformostgeneralapplications)
7.2.2CycleB:
8hUVwithuninsulatedblackpaneltemperaturecontrolledat706
3°C
4hcondensationwithuninsulatedblackpaneltemperaturecon-
trolledat5063°C
(Typicallyusedforautomotiveapplications)Note:CycleBisequiva-
lenttotheexposuretestcyclespecifiedin
SAEJ2020.
D4329–05
FIG.2HorizontalSpecimenHolderRepositioning
exposuretimethatproducesasignificantchangeinonetypeof
materialcannotbeassumedtobeapplicabletoothertypesof
materials.
8.2.3Therelationbetweentimetofailureinanexposure
conductedinaccordancewiththispracticeandservicelifein
anoutdoorenvironmentrequiresdeterminationofavalid
searbitraryaccelerationfactors
relatingtimeinanexposureconductedinaccordancewiththis
practiceandtimeinanoutdoorenvironmentbecausetheycan
elerationfactorismaterial-
dependentandisonlyvalidifitisbasedondatafroma
sufficientnumberofseparateexteriorandlaboratory-
acceleratedexposuressothatresultsusedtorelatetimesto
failureineachexposurecanbeanalyzedusingstatistical
methods.
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6—Anexampleofastatisticalanalysisusingmultiple-laboratory
andexteriorexposurestocalculateanaccelerationfactorisdescribedby
Simms.
7
SeePracticeG151formoreinformationandadditionalcautions
abouttheuseofaccelerationfactors.
8.3Aftereachexposureincrement,evaluateorratechanges
inexposedtestspecimensinaccordancewithapplicable
ASTMtestmethods.
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7—Forsomematerials,changesmaycontinueafterthespecimen
ements(visualor
instrumental)shouldbemadewithinastandardizedtimeperiodoras
ndardizedtimeperiod
needstoconsiderconditioningpriortotesting.
7
Simms,J.A.,JournalofCoatingsTechnology,Vol50,1987,pp.45–53.
8.4Useofresultsfromexposuresconductedinaccordance
withthispracticeinspecifications:
8.4.1Ifastandardorspecificationforgeneraluserequiresa
definitepropertylevelafteraspecifictimeorradiantexposure
inanexposuretestconductedinaccordancewiththispractice,
basethespecifiedpropertylevelonresultsfromround-robin
experimentsruntodeterminethetestreproducibilityfromthe
tthese
roundrobinsinaccordancewithPractice
E691orPractice
D3980andincludeastatisticallyrepresentativesampleofall
laboratoriesororganizationswhowouldnormallyconductthe
exposureandpropertymeasurement.
8.4.2Ifastandardorspecificationforusebetweentwoor
threepartiesrequiresadefinitepropertylevelafteraspecific
timeorradiantexposureinanexposuretestconductedin
4
D4329–05
accordancewiththispractice,basethespecifiedpropertylevel
ontwoindependentexperimentsrunineachlaboratoryto
determinethereproducibilityfortheexposureandproperty
roducibilityoftheexposure/
propertymeasurementprocessisthenusedtodeterminethe
minimumlevelofpropertyaftertheexposurethatismutually
agreeabletoallparties.
8.4.3Whenreproducibilityinresultsfromanexposuretest
conductedinaccordancewiththispracticehasnotbeen
establishedthroughround-robintesting,specifyperformance
requirementsformaterialsintermsofcomparison(ranked)to
cimensshallbeexposedsimulta-
cernedpartiesmustagree
onthespecificcontrolmaterialused.
8.4.3.1Conductanalysisofvariancetodeterminewhether
anydifferencesbetweentestmaterialsandcontrolmaterialsis
statisticallysignifireplicatesofthetestspecimen
andthecontrolspecimensothatstatisticallysignificantper-
formancedifferencescanbedetermined
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8—Fischerillustratesuseofrankcomparisonbetweentestand
controlmaterialsinspecifications.
8
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9—GuideG169includesexamplesshowinguseofanalysisof
variancetocomparematerials.
overaspectralrange,irradianceinW/m
2
orradiantexposurein
J/m
2
andthewavelengthregioninwhichmeasurementswere
made.
9.1.3.1Donotreportirradianceorradiantexposureunless
directmeasurementofirradiancewasmadeduringtheexpo-
sure.
9.1.4Elapsedexposuretime.
9.1.5Light-anddark-watercondensationorspraycycle
employed.
9.1.6Operatingblackpaneltemperature.
9.1.7Typeofspraynozzle,ifused.
9.1.7.1Ifwatersprayisused,totalsolidsandsilicalevelof
waterusedforspecimenspray(ifabovelimitsspecifiedin
Practice
G151).
9.1.8Ifused,specimenrepositioningorothermeansof
ensuringequalradiantexposureonallspecimensorcompen-
satingfordifferencesinirradiancewithintheexposurecham-
ber.
ateretentionofchar-
acteristicpropertyinaccordancewithPracticeD5870whenit
isreported.
ionandBias
10.1Precision—Therepeatabilityandreproducibilityof
resultsobtainedinexposuresconductedinaccordancewiththis
practicewillvarywiththematerialsbeingtested,thematerial
propertybeingmeasured,andthespecifictestconditionsand
sentialtodeterminereproducibility
oftheexposure/propertymeasurementprocesswhenusingthe
resultsfromexposuresconductedinaccordancewiththis
practiceinproductspecifications.
10.2Bias—Biascannotbedeterminedbecausenoaccept-
ablestandardweatheringreferencematerialsareavailable.
ds
11.1degradation;exposure;fluorescentUV;lightexposure;
ultraviolet
9.1Reportthefollowinginformation:
9.1.1Typeandmodelofexposuredevice.
9.1.2Ageoffluorescentlampsusedatthestartofthe
exposure,andwhetheranylampswerechangedduringthe
periodofexposure.
9.1.3Ifrequired,irradianceinW(m
2
·nm)at340nm,or
radiantexposureinJ(m
2
·nm)surements
Fischer,R.,Ketola,W.,“ImpactofResearchonDevelopmentofASTM
DurabilityTestingStandards,”DurabilityTestingofNon-MetallicMaterials,ASTM
STP1294,RobertHerling,ed.,AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,
Philadelphia,1995.
8
SUMMARYOFCHANGES
CommitteeD20hasidentifiedthelocationofselectedchangestothisstandardsincethelastissue,
D4329-99,thatmayimpacttheuseofthisstandard.(July15,2005)
(1)Revised
Note1tospecifythatthispracticeistechnically
similartoISO4892-3.
(2)AddedreferencestoGuideG169andStandardG177.
(3)nced
Documents.
(4)Addedreferenceto
Fig.1in5.2.
(5)Revised
Fig.1toreplaceCIEsunlightdatawithStandard
G177solarbenchmarkdata.
(6)Addednewexplanatory
Note3thatStandardG177isthe
sourceofsolarradiationdatainFig.1.
(7)Editoriallyrevisedirradianceunitdesignationfrom“W/
m2/nm”to“W/()”in
Fig.1.
(8)Deletedtextaddressingirradianceuniformityinoldsub-
section6.9.
5
(9)Updated7.2.2,CycleBtoincludenotestatingthatCycle
BisequivalenttotestcyclecontainedinSAEJ2020.
(10)Revisedparentheticalstatementin7.2.3,CycleCto
clarifythatthistestcycleisusedforsomeplasticbuilding
products.
(11)Addedmissing
Fig.2under7.4.
(12)Revisedtitleof
Fig.2from“HorizontalSpecimenHolder
Rotation”to“HorizontalSpecimenHolderRepositioning”in
ordertoagreewithwordingin7.4.
(13)Revisedwordingaddressingspecimenrepositioningin
section
7.4.1.
(14)AddedreferencetoGuideG169inNote9.
(15)Revised
9.1.3toupdateirradiancemeasurementreporting
requirements.
D4329–05
(16)Revised9.1.5tochange“humiditycycle”to“spray
cycle.”
(17)Deletedoldsubsection9.1.7addressingreportingof
operatingrelativehumidity.
(18)Updated9.1.7.1addressingwatersprayreportingrequire-
ments.
(19)Updated
9.1.8addressingspecimenrepositioningreport-
ingrequirements.
ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentioned
fthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtherisk
ofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.
Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsand
ifnotrevised,mmentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandards
mmentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingofthe
responsibletechnicalcommittee,eelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushould
makeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,attheaddressshownbelow.
ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,
dualreprints(singleormultiplecopies)ofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheabove
addressorat610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),orservice@(e-mail);orthroughtheASTMwebsite
().
6
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