英语读音

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2024年5月18日发(作者：)

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一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches;

flash→flashes

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies;

story→stories

四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes;

bingo→bingoes

反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros

（缩写词）

五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

反例：roof→roofs

六、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses;

restis→restes

过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的:

1.如果该单词以清辅音结尾,如/k/,/p/等,则读作/t/,例如looked读作/t/.

2.如果该单词以浊辅音结尾,如/n/,/b/等,则读作/d/,例如abandoned读作/d/.

3.如果该单词以字母t或字母d结尾,则读作/id/,例如started读作/id/.

4.如果该单词以元音结尾,则读作/d/,例如studied读作/d/.

以上是过去式读音的一般规则,英语中还有许多不规则的动词,他们的过去式及发音就得靠你去记忆了,

如buy过去式为bought,等等.

规则动词过去式的构成 构成规则 原形 过去式 一般动词原形末尾加－ed look play lift looked[lukt]

played[pleid] lifted['liftid]

结尾是e的动词加-d live hope use lived[livd] hoped[h3upt] used[juz:d]

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan(计划) fit(适合)

stopped[stCpt] planned[pl$nd] fitted['fitid]

结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变"y"为"i"再加"ed" study carry worry studied['stKdid] carried['k$rid]

worried['wKrid]

2规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则： 读音 例词 在浊辅音和元音后面 [d] called[kC:ld]

borrowed['bCr3ud] moved[mu:vd] enjoyed[in'dICid] welcomed['welk3md] answered['a:ns3d]

在清辅音后面 [t] finished['finisNt] helped[helpt] passed[pa:st] reached[ri:tNt]

在[t],[d]音后面 [id] wanted['wCntid] started['sta:tid] needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid]

清辅音：／p／、／t／、／k／、／f／、／F／、／s／、／W／、／tF／、／ts／、／tr／，再加上／r／、／h／，合

计12个。

浊辅音：／b／、／d／、／g／、／v／、／V／、／z／、／T／、／dV／、／dz／、／dr／再加 上／m／、／n／、

／N／、／l／、／j／、／w／合计16个

1元音: 1) [i:]字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see

seek(ee) eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please(ea) he

she me(e) piece receive ceiling (ie,ei) 2) [i]发音字母 i y e sit picture it is

list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary

defect decide delicious 3)发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad

black back glad flag shall man 4) [e]字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure

elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many

any 5) [ε:]字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term

her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher

leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor

delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today

shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta

banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:]字母组合 ar a car

farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [ ]发音字母 u o ou

oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above

trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar aw small

wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door

floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel

quarter draw saw flaw 10) [ ]发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss

collar not want wash 11) [u:]字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom

goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) [u]字母组合 oo ou u look

good foot book should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13)

[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way

great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai]发音字母 i y bike fine find die

nine light night high my try fly eye 15) [au]字母组合 ou ow house out flour

ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town

16) [εu]发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow

blow show flow boat coat goal 17) [ ]字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil

voice choice 18) [iε]字母组合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) [

]字母组合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) [uε] hour tour

poor flower shower [ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE] 2容易混淆的元音 [ ]

[e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real

rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side

head hide [aU] [ ] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor

count corn [aU] [ ] found fond down done gown gone town ton 3辅音 1) [p]

pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) [b] book big boot bike bread break 3)

[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog

dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat

cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)

school schedule schema (字母组合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long

language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine

fine night noon moon clean 9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk sing

king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold

could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine

flag frog fog roof knife life wife（字母f） cough laugh rough（字母gh） physic photo

phone (ph) 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest(字母v) of (字母f) 14)

[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease

cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace

(字母组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z) close nose hose suppose pause those

whose (se) 16) [ ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [ ] that this

those these though 18) [ ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh)

nation attention station social special sure 19) [ ] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop

home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes

year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch

teach (字母组合ch） catch watch match（字母组合tch) 24) [ ] age language cabbage

vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country

try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students

boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w]

vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [ ] sink think mass math miss

myth sort sought [z] [ ] close cloth breeze breathe [n] [ ] thin thing

sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a [ei] [æ] [ ] [a:] [ ]

late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan

parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast

last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e [i:] [e] [i] [ ] 不发音

appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble

decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident

active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ai] [i] high price library ice

cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [ ] [ ] [

] [ ] [ ] lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love

some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost

hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [u] [ ] [ ] university refuse unique

universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support

suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage cable city ceiling

celebrate cell cease 7）g [g] [ ] [ ] girl grade glass glade bag flag

village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l

[l]读音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall

sell cool animal 9) n [n] [ ] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry

young 10) r [r] [ ](美语发音) right read write grade progress card board door

floor form north 11）y [j] [i] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk university

country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [ ] [ ] farm card

garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ ] cease season

breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea

realize 14) ear [ ] [ ] learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er [

] [ ] [ ] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious

experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [ ] [ ] here mere fere sere there 17) ir [

] [ai] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [u:] [u] [ ] [ ] room tool cool

moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door

floor 19) or [ ] [ ] [ ] short form corn born for work world worm word worst

tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ ] [ ] door floor moor poor

boor 21) our [ ] [ ] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou

[au] [ ] [ ] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious

gracious prosperous 23) ow [ ] [au] window meadow know show low now town how

down cow 24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th [W]

[T] thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion [ ] [ ]

propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion

television 27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见) station nation translation attention

question 6关于语音的几个概念: 音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节:

由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音:

发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音:

发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个 辅音. 开

音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake

name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three

hello 闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音it is

of in on up out ant

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