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2024年4月27日发(作者：)

第一讲

名__词

单句语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the country’s major

lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid

terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the introduction (introduce) of

electric-powered engines and lifts.

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a

method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight

and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her education (educate)．

6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at shows in

order to concentrate on her studies.

一、名词的单复数

1．规则名词的6种复数变化形式

变化规则

一般情况下

例词

在词尾直接加-s

mouth→mouths

house→houses

glass→glasses

match→matches

country→countries

factory→factories

holiday→holidays

monkey→monkeys

以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es

以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词 变y为i，再加-es

以元音字母＋-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接＋-s

一般在词尾加-s

以-o结尾的名词

piano→pianos

photo→photos

有些在词尾加-es

一般要变f或fe为

以-f, -fe结尾的名词

v＋-es

少数直接加-s

hero→heroes

potato→potatoes

self→selves

wolf→wolves

roof→roofs

belief→beliefs

①下列以-f结尾的名词既可以变f为v后再加-es，也可以直接在f后加-s：

handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves, scarf→scarfs/scarves

②巧记变-f或-fe为v＋-es的名词：

[巧学助记] 为了自己(self)活命(life)，小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)

和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上，把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。

2．不规则名词的3种复数变化形式

变化规则

单复数同形

变内部元音

例词

deer, sheep, means, series, works, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft

foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese

man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice

medium→media

外来名词 phenomenon→phenomena

analysis→analyses

[名师指津]

①fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式

相同；②people指“人们”时单复数同形，指“民族”时，其复数为peoples。

本文标签： 名词结尾复数单复数

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