考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十八)

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2024年3月30日发(作者：)

It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable

and in California optional .Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy

has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips ...

It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable

and in California optional .Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy

has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be

replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-

minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a

quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50

years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—

and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness

of ours。

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and

perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some

level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be

solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we

demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's

useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care.

Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and

fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive

treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified。

In 1950, the U.S. spent 12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the

cost will be 1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is

unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some

scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should

simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a

certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has

been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die

and get out of the way ” so that younger, healthier people can

realize their potential。

I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work

through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,

Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme

Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon

general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his

leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage

the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-

old, I wish to age as productively as they have。

Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit.

Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be

ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that

spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer,

healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the

quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler

therapies that could improve people's lives。

36. What is implied in the first sentence?

[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people。

[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before。

[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology。

[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy。

37. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that

[A] medical resources are often wasted。

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases。

[C] some treatments are too aggressive。

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable。

38. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of

[A] strong disapproval。

[B] reserved consent。

[C] slight contempt。

[D] enthusiastic support。

39. In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their

medical care

[A] more flexibly。

[B] more extravagantly。

[C] more cautiously。

[D] more reasonably。 40. The text intends to express the idea that

[A] medicine will further prolong people's lives。

[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living。

[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life。

[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care。

名师解析

36. What is implied in the first sentence? 第一句话暗示什么

[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people。

美国人对于死亡的准备超过其他人。

[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before。

美国人比先前享受更高的生活质量。

[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology。

美国人对他们的医学技术过于自信。

[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy。

美国人对于他们的长寿有一种虚荣的自豪感。

【答案】 C

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 该题问的是篇首第一句的含义。这句话说的是“据说在英国死

亡是迫在眉睫的在加拿大死亡是不可避免的在加利福尼亚死亡是可以选择

的。”从这句话中我们可以看出美国人自认为美国拥有先进医疗技术死亡

是可以控制的。所以[C]项是正确的。[A]项毫无道理因为从文章中可以看出

美国人还是害怕死亡的。[B]项是将美国人的现状与过去相比与本句无关。[D]

项说的是美国人对于他们的长寿有一种虚荣的自豪感也是不正确的因为分

析第一段就发现作者谈论的或者说作者自己进行解释的是美国人对医疗技

术的自信所以[D]不正确。

37. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that

作者用癌症病人的例子来说明 [A] medical resources are often wasted. 医疗资源常

常被浪费。

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases. 医生对于致命的疾

病也无计可施。

[C] some treatments are too aggressive. 有一些治疗过去大胆。

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable. 医疗费用越来越支付不

起。

【答案】 A

【考点】 作者意图题。

【分析】 在第二段中作者用晚期癌症患者为例指出医生们往往采取一

些激进的缺乏科学根据的治疗方法。结合文章来看我们发现它的作用是为了

说明人们通常浪费了医疗资源过度地投入在已经没有用处的的事情上。因此

我们可以推断出作者的意图即不应该浪费医疗资源在那些无可救药的人身

上。[B]、[C]选项都不能表达作者意图。文中提及第三方支付人支付很多费

用因此[D]项内容是错误的。

38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of

作者对待Richard Lamm所说的话的态度是

[A] strong disapproval. 强烈反对。

[B] reserved consent. 有保留的赞同。

[C] slight contempt. 略有蔑视。

[D] enthusiastic support. 热烈支持。

【答案】 B

【考点】 作者态度题。

【分析】 通过关键词“Lamm”可以定位到第三段“Lamm”所说的话“老

年人有义务死亡以免挡住道路”。在第四段作者对于“Lamm”的观点发表

了看法“I would not go that far。”(我不会走那么远。)接着作者举出

了许多例子说明老年人可以活得很有价值。这很容易让人认为作者是反对

“Lamm”的观点的。但是接下来的一段中作者从另外一个角度发表了自己的

看法。作者说“最昂贵和最引人注目的医疗手段未必就是高效率的和无疼痛

的”。作者举例日本和瑞士老年医疗开支不高但是寿命更长更加健康。

作者说“我们在那些无药可救的疾病方面也许投入过大但是在那些事关人民生活质量的研

究上投入过低”。所以选[B]作者对“Lamm”的观点基本同

意但有所保留。

39. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their

medical care

与美国相比日本和瑞典对医疗的资金投入的方式

[A] more flexibly. 更灵活。 [B] more extravagantly. 更奢侈。

[C] more cautiously. 更谨慎。 [D] more reasonably. 更合理。

【答案】 D

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 定位到最后一段作者举例说明了“虽然日本和瑞典在医疗保健

上的花费比美国少但寿命却比美国人长身体也更健康”。接着作者提到

“我们也许在那些无药可救的疾病方面也许投入过大但是在那些事关人民

生活的研究上投入过低”。因此我们可以推断出日本和瑞典在医疗保健上的

投资比美国“更加合理”因此选择[D]项其它选项不能表达出这个意思。

40. The text intends to express the idea that 本文试图表达的观点是

[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives.

医学将进一步延长人们的生命。

[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.

超过了一定的(年龄)限度生命就不值得延续。

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