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2023年12月25日发(作者:)
同等学力阅读理解练习及答案(4篇精选)
Passage 1
Faith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per
person on health care any other nation. Whether we eat too
much ore exercise too little, whether we’re turning gray or
feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.
We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will
bring us longer, healthier lives. But There is mounting evidence
that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system
brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the
US spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care.
Costa Rica spends less than $300. Yet life expectancy at birth is
nearly identical in both countries.
Despite the highly publicized “longevity revolution,” life
expectancy among the elderly in the US is hardly improving. Yes,
we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling
birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to
be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are
people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly
130 percent, due primarily to overweight. Why has our huge
investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because
so many promised “miracle cures,” from Interferon to gene
therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly
it’s because health care dollars are so concentrated on the
terminally ill and the very old that even when medical
interventions “work,” the gains to average life expectancy are
small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse
reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than
motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly
200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening “adverse drug
evens” due to improper drug use or drug interaction.
Why don’t Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans?
Overwhelmingly, it’s because of differences in behavior.
Americans exercise less, eat more, drive more, smoke more, and
lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern
medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by
the time most people come in contact with it, their bodies are
already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental
dangers and injuries.
ans in general believe that ___________.
money spent on health care may not result in better
health.
ne may provide an effective cure for various health
problems
problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved
by medicine
birthrate can better solve the problem of aging
society than medicine.
/doc/,pared
Americans, Costa Ricans__________
a healthier way of life
a longer life expectancy
more dependent on medicine
less concerned about their health
of the following is NOT a reason why health care
investment fails to bring a longer life?
reaction due to improper use of drugs.
nced distribution of health care money.
g prices of both drugs and new therapies.
with the
e of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.
is implied in the last paragraph that
ne should be taken timely before it is too late.
is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine.
health conditions leave little room for medicine to
work.
efforts should be made to develop new types of
medicine.
passage is mainly focused on _____.
limits of medicine
life hazards in the US
barriers to a longer life
problems in health investment
KEYS
BACCA
Passage 2
Just a few years ago, a graduate from Brown University
medical school had just a slight understanding about how to care
for the elderly. Now, Brown and other U.S. medical schools are
plugging geriatric courses into their curricula.
The U.S. Census Bureau projects the number of elderly
Americans will nearly double to 71 million by 2030. The first
members of the Baby Boomer generation, so named for the
explosion in births in the years after World War Two, turn 65 in
three years. In addition, people are living longer than ever.
“The first ripples of the silver tsunami are lapping at the
shores of our country, but there is not a coordinated or strategic
response taking place in America,” said Richard Besdine, who is
director of the geriatrics division at Brown University medical
school in Providence.
Geriatrics has never been a field of choice for young doctors.
Elderly care doctors are paid less than most other physicians and
surgeons and the aged can be hard to treat. They have
complicated medical histories and their ailments, even such
routine illnesses as pneumonia, can be more difficult to diagnose
because they may be masked by other conditions. Also, drugs
can affect them differently than middle-aged adults. “It’s a
hard job; it’s not paid very well; it’s complicated; and there’s
very little status within the hierarchy of medical specialties to
being a geriatric physician,” said Gavin Hougham, senior
program officer and manager of medicine programs at the John
A. Hartford Foundation.
Out of 800,000 doctors in the U.S., roughly 7,000 are
geriatricians, Hougham said. The country needs another 13,000
to adequately care for today’s older population, according to
the American Geriatrics Society. The shortfall could reach 36,000
by 2030.
To help counter that, private groups are bankrolling medical
schools’ emphasis on aging. The Hartford Foundation has given
more than $40 million to 27 schools to
train faculty in elderly care, and the Donald W. Reynolds
Foundation has given more than $100 million to 30 schools to
include more geriatrics content.
“If they don’t learn it, they still have to deal with it,”
Hougham said. “It’s not that not learning geriatrics will cause
these older people to go away. They’re coming whether we’re
ready or not.
does Richard Besdine mean in paragraph 3
large amount of the elderly has created a big problem
in America.
number of the elderly has been growing beyond the
capacity of America.
a is not ready to cope with the the number of the
elderly.
a is no the ideal place for the elderly to spend the
rest of their lives.
main point of paragraph 4 is ____
geriatric physician are paid less than other physicians.
doctors show little interest in being geriatric
physicians
are the major problems with the elderly care industry.
can be done to ensure the healthy development of
elderly care.
can be learned from the passage that in the U.S.,______
is a shortage of geriatric physicians
training is needed for geriatric physicians
for geriatric physicians varies across states.
for the elderly will depend more on geriatric
physicians.
fact that private groups have provided money to
medical schools _______
ghts the inadequacy of government support
izes the importance of more professional training
trates the increasing impact of private money
tes the growing awareness of the related problem
ing to Hougham, the challenge posed by the elderly
is
ary
B. universal
C. unavoidable
D. controllable
KEYS
CBADC
Passage 3
How many of today’s ailments, or even illnesses, are purely
psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of
drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the
emotional problems of old people might improve their state of
mind somewhat by the use of anti-depressants but he would not
remove the root cause of their depression--the feeling of being
useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical
powers.
One of the most important controversies in medicine today
is how far doctors, and particularly psychologists, should depend
on the use of drugs for “during” their patients. It is not merely
that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal
harmful side effects (as happened in the case of anti-sickness pills
prescribed for expectant mothers) but the uneasiness of doctors
who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without
removing the disease itself. On the other hand,
some psychiatrists argue that in many cases (such as chronic
depressive illness) it is impossible to get at the root the illness
while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged
psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some
people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs
within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they
have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause
of depression can be tackled better when the patient himself
feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the
serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of
those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc. are due to
“nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to
some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug.
Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the
disease itself.
It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that
over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s
attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the
situation is serious indeed.
author thinks that drugs used for treating
psychological ills______.
be ineffective in some cases
/doc/,ually have harmful
side effects
greatly alleviate the illnesses
remove the root causes
controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on_____.
r psychologists should use drugs to cure their
patients
psychologists should treat their patients
fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects
extent t to which drugs should be used to fight
psychological illness
passage indicates that psychologists_____.
it impossible to remove a psychological disease
dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs
e that the root cause of a disease can be ignored
do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state
treating patients with psychological problem, some
doctors feel that they ______.
at a loss for treatment
no right to use drugs
to cure their patients by any means
use drugs to treat the symptoms
5.A family doctor would normally consider a headache or
backache as a result of _____.
A.A more serious disease
emotional problem
C.A physical disorder
ged work
KEYS
ADBDC
Passage 4
A report published recently brings bad news about air
pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health
as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine Chernobyl
nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal
Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city
people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns
out.
Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks
instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by
moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes. Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the
windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be
50 percent less than on the downwind side.
Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your
exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side
nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can
reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an
underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air
pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that
at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up
of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But
diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.
When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb
while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does
count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move,
fumes can be reduced in just a seconds. So holding your breath
for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might
sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during
rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year
also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their
lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest.
Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to
cause a build-up of pollutants.
’s the passage mainly about?
to fight air pollution in big cities.
to avoid air pollution in big cities.
to breathe fresh air in big cities.
serious air pollution is in big cities.
ing to the report, air pollution in big cities ____
be more serious than thee 1986 Ukraine Chernobyl
nuclear power disaster.
be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl
release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl
disaster
be more serious than we used to think.
you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the
side______.
the wind is coming
the wind is going
the wind is weaker
the wind is strong
is implied in the passage that _____.
should not take street level transportation
iron particles will not cause health problems.
pollution on an underground train is less poisonous
waiting to cross a busy street, you should ______.
a few seconds until the fumes reduce
away from the traffic as far as possible.
your breath until you get to the other side of the
street
down for the light to change
KEYS
BDACB
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