GUI编程 -- JAVA图形化基础
- 1、GUI简介
- 2、AWT
- 2.1 AWT介绍
- 2.2 组件和容器
- 2.3 布局管理器
- 2.4 事件监听
- 2.5 简易计算器
- 2.6 画笔
- 2.7 鼠标监听
- 2.8 窗口监听
- 2.9 键盘监听
- 3、Swing
- 3.1 窗口、面板
- 3.2 弹窗
- 3.3 标签
- 3.4 面板
- 3.5 边框、文本域
- 3.6 按钮
- 3.7 列表
- 3.8 文本框
- 4、常用类
1、GUI简介
GUI的核心技术:
- AWT: 抽象窗口工具包,早期编写图形界面应用程序的包
- Swing : 为解决 AWT 存在的问题而新开发的图形界面包;Swing是对AWT的改良和扩展
GUI因界面不美观,且运行需要jre环境(占用内存大,繁琐)被逐渐淘汰,现阶段学习GUI主要是为了了解 MVC架构(了解监听),写一些小工具,和工作中可能需要维护Swing界面。
2、AWT
2.1 AWT介绍
- 包含了很多类和接口! GUI:图形用户界面编程
- 元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
- 包都在java(awt)包
2.2 组件和容器
Frame框架
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//看源码 选中+ctrl+左键
//看结构 alt+7
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");//Frame 是一个顶级窗口
//Frame的方法
//设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(51, 158, 22));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
//窗口无法关闭!!!最小化、最大化、窗口尺寸已经默认存在!
}
}
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.MAGENTA);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口,需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe+"+(++id));//继承
setBounds(x, y, w, h);//设置坐标
setBackground(color);//设置颜色
setVisible(true);//设置可见性
}
}
面板Panel
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args){
Frame frame = new Frame(); //new 窗口
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel(); //new 面板
Panel panel1 = new Panel();
//设置布局,不设置面板会置顶
frame.setLayout(null);
//窗口坐标和颜色
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(140, 208, 212));
//panel 设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,100);
panel.setBackground(new Color(181, 186, 54));
panel1.setBounds(50,200,400,250);
panel1.setBackground(new Color(165, 34, 101));
//将panel添加进frame
frame.add(panel1);//Panel 无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听时间,监听窗口关闭事件
//适配器模式(二十三种设计模式)
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口关闭要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.3 布局管理器
流式布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置流式布局的位置
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(0)); 0为左,1为中...
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//两种方式
frame.setSize(200,200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
东西南北中布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.setSize(400,400);
//不同布局的方位
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
栅格布局
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数,自适应,用于优化大小;
// frame.setSize(400,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
2.4 事件监听
ActionListener
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TesActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
/*按钮可以new一个接口,需要命名内部类,把他的实现类写下来。但一般不这么做
button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { } });*/
//因为,addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
//接口就写实现类,父类就继承
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
windowClose(frame);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
//事件监听
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("事件监听,您按下了按钮");
}
}
多按钮共享一个事件
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮,实现同一个监听
//开始--停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
// button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
/*e.getActionCommand() 获取按钮的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
输出结果butoo2为"按钮被点击了:msg=>stop";可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令
butoo1为"start"。无显示定义,则会走默认的值。
*/
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){//equals 等号
System.out.println(e.getActionCommand()+"按钮被点击");
} if (e.getActionCommand().equals("stop")){
System.out.println(e.getActionCommand()+"按钮被点击");
}
}
}
输入框TextField监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();//文本 TextArea文本域,可以写多行
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
field.setText("");//设置enter 后的状态
}
}
2.5 简易计算器
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator() {
//三个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
//一个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//一个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
2.6 画笔
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔,颜色,可以画画
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
// super.paint(g);有些类里面有初始化操作,就无法删除
g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100); //draw空心
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100); //fill实心、填充的
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(200,200,200,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将它还原到最初的颜色,不然你再画一个图会带上之前的颜色。
}
}
2.7 鼠标监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {//--------框架
super(title); //名字
setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
//存标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
//鼠标监听器,针对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener()); //-监听鼠标
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) { //画画 //--------------画笔存储实施
//画画,需要监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator(); //-迭代器
while (iterator.hasNext()){ //检查序列中是否还有元素
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上,点集合
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point); //将(点)传到迭代器里
}
//适配器模式,就是别人已经写好的端口,不用全部重写内部类,直接继承更加方便。
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{ //----------监听器
//鼠标,按下,弹起,按下不放。
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { //-鼠标按下
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource(); //-鼠标按下的来源
//这里我点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点
//这个点就是鼠标的点
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));//--将监控的(点的坐标)传到点集合
//每次点击鼠标都需要重写画一遍
frame.repaint(); //再次刷漆
}
}
}
2.8 窗口监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame("窗口监听");
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(String kk) {
super(kk);
setBackground(Color.cyan);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
//匿名内部类
this.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口打开");
}
@Override
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口关闭中");
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口激活");
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource(); //获取框架信息
source.setTitle("被激活了");
}
@Override
public void windowStateChanged(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("状态改变了");
System.out.println("窗口状态改变");
}
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("窗口关闭");
System.exit(0);
}
}
);
}
/* 通过匿名内部类可以不用另外创建类
class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false); //隐藏窗口,通过按钮点击事件
System.exit(0); //0正常退出,1非正常退出
}
}*/
}
2.9 键盘监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键盘
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame() {
setBounds(10,10,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得当前键盘的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //不需要去记录这个数值,直接使用静态属性VK_XXX
System.out.println(keyCode);
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){ //KeyEvent.VK 按键类
System.out.println("你按下了上键!");
}
//根据按下不同操作,产生不同结果。
}
});
}
}
3、Swing
3.1 窗口、面板
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init();初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口
JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jf.setVisible(true);
//jf.setBackground(Color.cyan); 因为在容器中,直接颜色没效果,需要容器实例化
jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎学习Java GUI"); //标签
jf.add(jLabel);
//让文本标签居中,设置水平对齐
jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//需要容器实例化,颜色才能现象
Container contentPane = jf.getContentPane();
contentPane.setBackground(Color.cyan);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
3.2 弹窗
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true); //可见
this.setSize(700,500); //尺寸
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //关闭事件
//JFrame 放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局,会相对容器自动定位
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框"); //创建
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { //监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//监听弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button); //将按钮放进容器中
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
// this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 弹窗可以被关掉,不需要额外添加事件
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("Java弹窗"));
}
}
3.3 标签
/*图标ICON*/
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图片,需要实现类,Frame 继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){}
public IconDemo(int width,int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){ //图标
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
//图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上!
//标签,图标,位置
JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override //图标尺寸
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
/* 图片 */
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo() {
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("xxx.jpg");//获取当前类以下的东西
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要冲突
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
contentPane.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,300,500);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4 面板
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//后面参数的意思,面板与面板的间距
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3)); //GridLayout网格布局
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 3));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
3.5 边框、文本域
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("边框、文本域");
//Scroll 面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.6 按钮
图片按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("123.jpg"); //图片路径
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //转换为图标
//把这个图标放到按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮"); //图片按钮提示
//add
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
单选按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("123.jpg"); //图片路径
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //转换为图标
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
//由于单选框只能选择一个,可以将他们分组,一个组只能选一个。
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup(); //组
group.add(radioButton1);
group.add(radioButton2);
group.add(radioButton3);
container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
复选按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo03() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("123.jpg"); //图片路径
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //转换为图标
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");
container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo03();
}
}
3.7 列表
下拉框
/*选择地址或者一些单个选项(一到两个最好使用按钮,两个以上使用下拉框,节省内存布局)*/
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TsetComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TsetComboboxDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在上映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
// status.addActionListener(); 监听获取值
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TsetComboboxDemo01();
}
}
列表框
/*展示信息,一般是动态扩容。*/
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TsetComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TsetComboboxDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//生产列表的内容
//String[] contents = {"1","2","3"}; 静态数组
Vector contents = new Vector();
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents); //列表
//动态数组
contents.add("zhangsan");
contents.add("lisi");
contents.add("wangwu");
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TsetComboboxDemo02();
}
}
3.8 文本框
文本框 TextField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo01() throws HeadlessException {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello",50); //文本框+尺寸
JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world");
container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01();
}
}
密码框 PasswordField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo02() throws HeadlessException {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField(); //密码框***
//passwordField.setEchoChar('*'); //密码框显示符号
container.add(passwordField);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo02();
}
}
文本域 TextArea
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("文本域 TextArea");
//Scroll 面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
4、常用类
Frame; 框架
Panel; 面板
setVisible; 可见性true
setSize(x,x); 初始尺寸
setLocation(x,x); 初始位置,x,y
setBounds(x,x,x,x); 初始坐标+尺寸
setBackground(new color(x,x,x)); 颜色,三基色
setResizable; 大小是否可调,true,false
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); 流式布局
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); 方向布局
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); 表格布局
ActionListener; 监听器
TextField; 文本框
TextArea; 文本域
PasswordField; 密码框
Integer.parseInt(); String类转int类
paint; 画笔
MouseAdapter; 鼠标监听器
WindowListener; 窗口监听
KeyListener; 键盘监听
DefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.); 关闭事件(JFrame)
ContentPane; 容器(JFrame)
Layout; 容器自动定位(JFrame)
Button; 按钮
RadioButton; 单选按钮
ButtonGroup; 组
CheckBox; 多选按钮
ComboBox; 下拉框
List; 列表框
Dialog; 对话框
Label; 标签
IconDemo; 图标
ImageIcon; 图片
Scroll; 滚动条
Timer; 定时器
(部分内容参考【狂神说Java】GUI编程入门到游戏实战)
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