Oracle DataGurad单实例部署
1. 安装环境
服务器环境为VMware workstation搭建的两台虚拟机,操作系统为Windows Server 2008 R2,数据库为Oracle11gR2,安装目录实例名全部相同,备库数据库仅安装软件,不建库。
主机1(主库) | 主机2(备库) | |
---|---|---|
操作系统 | Windows server 2008 64位 | Windows server 2008 64位 |
IP | 192.168.118.134 | 192.168.118.135 |
数据库版本 | oracle 11.2.0.4 | oracle 11.2.0.4 |
ORACLE_BASE | C:\app\Administrator | C:\app\Administrator |
ORACLE_HOME | C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1 | C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1 |
ORACLE_SID | orcl | 暂时不建库 |
db_unique_name | primary | standby |
2. 主库配置
2.1在主库上启动数据库到mount模式,开启归档模式与force logging
在DOS窗口执行下面代码:
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup mount;
修改为归档模式
SQL>alter database archivelog;
设置强制归档模式
SQL> alter database force logging;
查看是否修改成功:
select log_mode,force_logging from v$database ;
补充:查看详细归档命令:Archive log list ;
2.2为备库添加日志组
在备库,当RFS进程接受到日志后,就将其写入Standby日志文件里,备库的Standby日志文件可以看做是主库在线日志文件的一个镜像,当主库做日志切换时,备库的Standby日志也做相应的切换,切换后的Standby日志由备库的ARCH进程归档。
Oracle规定备库的Standby日志文件大小不能小于主库在线日志文件最大的一个,一般情况下,为了管理方便,最好把所有的在线日志和Standby日志大小设为一样。
此时主库处于mount状态,查看当前主库日志组:
SQL> select * from v$logfile order by group#;
从图中可以看到我们主库有三组大小为50M的redo logfile,故我们也需要创建同样数量和大小的standby logfile:
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\redo04.log’ size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\redo05.log’ size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\redo06.log’ size 50m;
再次查看日志组文件:
SQL> select * from v$logfile order by group#;
此时可以看到,123号日志文件组是online类型,新加456日志组是standby类型
2.3主库创建standby控制和参数文件
建好如下路径的文件夹用于DG测试:
C:\app\DGtest\arch --归档日志位置
C:\app\DGtest\arch_std --主库转为备库时,归档日志位置
C:\app\DGtest\tmp --rman备份集目录
创建standby控制文件
SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘C:\app\DGtest\standby.ctl’;
创建standby参数文件到我们的新文件夹下
SQL>create pfile=’C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora’ from spfile;
然后编辑新的这个C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=297795584
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=71303168
orcl.__oracle_base=‘C:\app\Administrator’#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=343932928
orcl.__sga_target=515899392
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=130023424
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest=‘C:\app\Administrator\admin\orcl\adump’
*.audit_trail=‘db’
*patible=‘11.2.0.4.0’
*.control_files=‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control01.ctl’,‘C:\app\Administrator\fast_recovery_area\orcl\control02.ctl’
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=’’
*.db_name=‘orcl’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=‘C:\app\Administrator\fast_recovery_area’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest=‘C:\app\Administrator’
*.dispatchers=’(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)’
*.memory_target=858783744
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE’
*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1’
#以下为新加部分
*.db_unique_name=‘primary’
*.archive_lag_target=1800
*.fal_client=‘primary’
*.fal_server=‘standby’
*.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)’
*.log_archive_dest_1=‘LOCATION=C:\app\DGtest\arch VALID_FOR=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=primary’
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby’
*.log_archive_dest_3=‘LOCATION=C:\app\DGtest\arch_std valid_for=(standby_logfiles,standby_role) db_unique_name=primary’
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable’
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=‘enable’
*.log_archive_dest_state_3=‘enable’
*.log_archive_format=’%t_%s_%r.dbf’
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl’,‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl’
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘C:\app\DGtest\arch’,‘C:\app\DGtest\arch’
*.standby_file_management=‘auto’
4.使用修改过的参数文件启动主库(当前是mount状态)
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup pfile=’C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora’ nomount;
SQL>create spfile from pfile=‘C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora’;(新的参数文件pfile起来后反向创建一个新的spfile,放在默认位置)
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup;
这样数据库默认就是从新的spfile启动了
PFILE是文本文件的,而SPFILE是二进制格式的。PFILE文件可以用文本编辑器打开手工配置、而SPFILE不行
2.4.创建密码文件
密码文件存放于C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database目录,文件名为PWDorcl.ora(orcl为实例名)
如果目录下找不到,则手动创建,创建命令为:
SQL>orapwd file=C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\PWDorcl.ora password=123 entries=10
2.5.配置主库网络监听(备用库同理)
文件位置为E:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
修改listener.ora文件
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = “EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll”)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.118.134)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\app\Administrator
2.6同目录下编辑修改tnsname.ora文件
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
#添加一个PRIMARY
PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.118.134) (PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
#添加一个STANDBY
STANDBY=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.118.135) (PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = CLRExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.118.134)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
2.7进行数据冷拷贝
关闭主数据库
SQL>shutdown immediate;
主备库创建相关目录,详述如下
主库创建目录:
C:\app\DGtest\arch --归档日志位置
C:\app\DGtest\arch_std --主库转为备库时,归档日志位置
C:\app\DGtest\tmp --rman备份集目录
从库创建目录:
C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl --数据文件位置
C:\app\Administrator\flash_recovery_area\orcl\ONLINELOG --联机重做位置
*把主库的C:\app\DGtest文件夹,整个拷贝到备库下备用!*
3. 备库配置
3.1新建实例
如果备库也安装了数据库,实例也是orcl,这步可以不用管
在备库上注册oracle实例到服务中,具体命令如下:
oradim -new -sid orcl(实例名)
如果已经装了数据库,执行的话也会提示这个实例已经存在,接着继续下面的就可以
3.2参数文件
修改之前从主库拷贝过来的参数文件C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora:
orcl.__db_cache_size=297795584
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=71303168
orcl.__oracle_base=‘C:\app\Administrator’#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=343932928
orcl.__sga_target=515899392
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=130023424
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest=‘C:\app\Administrator\admin\orcl\adump’
*.audit_trail=‘db’
*patible=‘11.2.0.4.0’
*.control_files=‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control01.ctl’,‘C:\app\Administrator\fast_recovery_area\orcl\control02.ctl’
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=’’
*.db_name=‘orcl’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=‘C:\app\Administrator\fast_recovery_area’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest=‘C:\app\Administrator’
*.dispatchers=’(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)’
*.memory_target=858783744
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE’
*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1’
#以下为新加部分
*.db_unique_name=‘standby’
*.archive_lag_target=1800
*.fal_client=‘standby’
*.fal_server=‘primary’
*.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(standby,primary)’
*.log_archive_dest_1=‘LOCATION=C:\app\DGtest\arch VALID_FOR=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby’
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘service=primary lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=primary’
*.log_archive_dest_3=‘LOCATION=C:\app\DGtest\arch_std valid_for=(standby_logfiles,standby_role) db_unique_name=standby’
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable’
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=‘enable’
*.log_archive_dest_state_3=‘enable’
*.log_archive_format=’%t_%s_%r.dbf’
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl’,‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl’
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘C:\app\DGtest\arch’,‘C:\app\DGtest\arch’
*.standby_file_management=‘auto’
3.3密码文件
将主库的密码文件PWDorcl.ora复制到备库对应目录下,无需重命名,因为备库也是相同实例名
密码文件存放于
E:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database目录,文件名为PWDorcl.ora(orcl为实例名)
若以下目录找不到,则手动创建,命令为:
SQL> orapwd file=E:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\PWDorcl.ora password=123 entries=10
3.4控制文件
参考主库参数文件里的control01.ctl和control02.ctl位置:
control_files=‘C:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control01.ctl’,‘C:\app\Administrator\fast_recovery_area\orcl\control02.ctl’
将刚刚主库创建的C:\app\DGtest下的standby控制文件,复制到备库的相同路径下的控制文件目录,没有文件夹的话就新建,standby控制文件把改名为control01.ctl和control02.ctl作为备库的控制文件。
3.5监听文件
将主库的listener.ora和tnsname.ora拷贝到备库相同路径,修改如下:
*备库监听listener.ora*
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(ENVS = “EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll”)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.118.135)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\app\Administrator
*备库tnsnames.ora*
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
#添加一个PRIMARY
PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.118.134) (PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
#添加一个STANDBY
STANDBY=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.118.135) (PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = CLRExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.118.135)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
3.6主备库都重启监听
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
在主备库上各执行以下命令,主机之间网络相通即可
CMD tnsping primary
CMD tnsping standby
3.7开启备库
用参数文件建立实例
sqlplus / as sysdba
停止服务
SQL>shutdown immediate;
使用新参数文件启动数据库
SQL>startup pfile=‘C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora’ nomount;
创建新的spfile文件
SQL>create spfile from pfile=‘C:\app\DGtest\initora.ora’;
停止服务
SQL>shutdown immediate;
启动服务
SQL>startup nomount;
4.同步数据
4.1使用rman恢复备库
主库上,执行一次完全备份
RMAN>backup full database format=‘C:\app\DGtest\tmp\FOR_STANDBY_%u%p%s,RMN’ include current controlfile for standby;
上面执行完后,将当前主库archivelog归档,执行
RMAN> sql’alter system archive log current’;
将在C:\app\DGtest\tmp\下产生的的备份集拷贝到备库的相同路径下,备库处于nomount状态
继续在刚刚主库的RMAN中连接到辅助数据库
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/sys@standby;
开始辅助数据库,实质上是备库从备份集恢复数据
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
备库恢复完成,此时可以以readonly模式打开数据库和开启同步应用
SQL> alter database open read only;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
查看日志应用情况
SQL> select sequence#,applied from V$archived_log;
如果看到IN-MEMORY说明当前正在进行实时同步,如果最后一个是YES,也是正常的,说明当前操作为0
查询当前的保护模式
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name,PROTECTION_MODE from v$database;
到此,oracle 11g dataguard 配置完毕。
4.2验证DG搭建是否成功
查看当前DG状态:
备库:
SQL> select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
主库:
SQL> select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
主库和备库分别执行:
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
如果查看从库可以看到归档日志,表示归档日志同步成功,如果APPLIED列的值为yes,表示重做应用成功。
然后可以手动切换日志
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
此时备库是mount模式,且无法开启数据库,因为应用在同步
此时主备库都查看当前DG状态:
select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
4.3实验过程:
在主库创建表,提交手动切换日志,查看备库是否创建新表。
1.查看DG中主备库实例的状态
select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
\2. 先查看主库现有的表kkgame2,然后插入一行数据
select * from kkgame2;
insert into kkgame2 values (‘haha’,‘12’);
conmmit;
\3. 此时直接看备库,是否正常同步
select * from kkgame2;
本次搭建成功!!!
数据库开关顺序:
开库顺序:先备库、后主库(备库就像一个仆人,没事儿先候着)
关库顺序:先主库、后备库(主库就像一个主人,有事儿先撤了)
4.4一些知识点
查看当前DG模式
select open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name,PROTECTION_MODE from v$database;
*想要关闭STANDBY*
首先确认是否处于恢复状态:SELECT PROCESS, STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
取消恢复操作:ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
*让standby运行于只读访问模式*
启动STANDBY为只读模式:
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
如果出现上述报错,原因是日志记录的SCN与控制文件不符,不能完成checkpoint事件,需要进行介质恢复。
处理步骤:
–启动到mount状态
startup mount
–进行日志恢复
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
–此时可以通过日志C:\app\Administrator\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace\alert_orcl来验证dataguard
从库也可以看到日志C:\app\Administrator\diag\rdbms\standby\orcl\trace
当看到 in transit字样说明已经到最新日志了
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/arch/1_142_899302231.dbf
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 143 (in transit)
–取消日志恢复
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
此时备库应该正常了
SQL> alter database open read only;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
*将恢复模式的STANDBY转换成read only模式:*
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
*让STANDBY从READ ONLY转变成恢复模式*
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
i.让为只读模式的STANDBY执行排序操作应该注意的问题:
排序操作不能使用非临时表空间,临时表空间必须是本地管理的,并且只包含临时文件
如果在创建STANDBY时主库没有临时表空间,则需要在主库上创建临时表空间,并执行ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;将redo传给STANDBY。如果要给STANDBY的临时表空间增加临时文件,需要先将STANDBY转换成READ ONLY模式,并执行命令ALTER TABLESPACE temp1 ADD TEMPFILE ‘/disk1/oracle/dbs/s_temp1.dbf’ SIZE 10M REUSE;增加临时文件。
*switchover_status有两种状态*
当数据库没有读写操作时,显示的是to standby
当数据库有其他操作时,显示的是sessions active
Waiting for thread 1 sequence 143 (in transit)
–取消日志恢复
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
此时备库应该正常了
SQL> alter database open read only;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
*将恢复模式的STANDBY转换成read only模式:*
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
*让STANDBY从READ ONLY转变成恢复模式*
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
i.让为只读模式的STANDBY执行排序操作应该注意的问题:
排序操作不能使用非临时表空间,临时表空间必须是本地管理的,并且只包含临时文件
如果在创建STANDBY时主库没有临时表空间,则需要在主库上创建临时表空间,并执行ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;将redo传给STANDBY。如果要给STANDBY的临时表空间增加临时文件,需要先将STANDBY转换成READ ONLY模式,并执行命令ALTER TABLESPACE temp1 ADD TEMPFILE ‘/disk1/oracle/dbs/s_temp1.dbf’ SIZE 10M REUSE;增加临时文件。
*switchover_status有两种状态*
当数据库没有读写操作时,显示的是to standby
当数据库有其他操作时,显示的是sessions active
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