在图形/代码块的上方和下方添加垂直空间

本文介绍了在图形/代码块的上方和下方添加垂直空间的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！ 问题描述

我正在将Rmd编织为PDF.我想在图形/代码块的上方和下方添加垂直空间，以将这些内容与正文分开.通过将以下内容添加到我的序言查看此答案:

I am knitting from Rmd to PDF. I'd like to add vertical space above and below figures/code chunks to separate this content from body text. I've done this successfully for Rnw files by adding the following to my preamble see this answer:

\renewenvironment{knitrout}{\vspace{1em}}{\vspace{1em}}

我尝试将这一行添加到Rmd文件的yaml部分的header-includes中，但是没有用.我打开了保留临时tex文件的选项，我发现tex中没有knitrout环境.

I tried adding this line to header-includes in the yaml section of my Rmd file, but it did not work. I turned on the option to keep the interim tex file, and I see there is no knitrout environment in the tex.

相反，(i)代码块包装在\begin{Shaded}中，(ii)在\begin{figure}中是图形，在(iii)在\begin{longtable}中是表.

Instead, (i) code chunks are wrapped in \begin{Shaded}, (ii) figures in \begin{figure}, and (iii) tables in \begin{longtable}.

我尝试通过将以下内容添加到header-includes来解决代码块(i)的问题:

I tried solving the problem for code chunks (i) by adding the following to header-includes:

\renewenvironment{Shaded}{\vspace{1em}}{\vspace{1em}}

这增加了空间，但是放下了阴影背景.我不确定如何解决此问题或解决数字(ii)和表格(iii).

This added space, but dropped the shaded background. I'm not sure how to fix this or address the figures (ii) and tables (iii).

R version 3.3.2 (2016-10-31) Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0 (64-bit) Running under: macOS Sierra 10.12.4

推荐答案

我认为您需要修改钩子: yihui.name/knitr/hooks/ 我举几个例子.一旦了解了它的工作原理，就可以添加自己的修改.

I think you need to modify hooks: yihui.name/knitr/hooks/ I give you some examples. Once you understand how it works, you can add your own modifications.

要修改的钩子:

```{r setup_source, include=FALSE} hook_source_def = knitr::knit_hooks$get('source') knitr::knit_hooks$set(source = function(x, options) { if (!is.null(options$vspaceecho)) { begin <- paste0("\\vspace{", options$vspaceecho, "}") stringr::str_c(begin, hook_source_def(x, options)) } else { hook_source_def(x, options) } }) ```

如何调用此修改:

```{r vspace, vspaceecho='2cm', echo=TRUE} summary(cars) ```

在R输出之后添加vspace

要修改的钩子

Add vspace after R output

The hook to be modified

```{r setup_output, include=FALSE} hook_output_def = knitr::knit_hooks$get('output') knitr::knit_hooks$set(output = function(x, options) { if (!is.null(options$vspaceout)) { end <- paste0("\\vspace{", options$vspaceout, "}") stringr::str_c(hook_output_def(x, options), end) } else { hook_output_def(x, options) } }) ```

如何调用此修改:

```{r vspaceafter, vspaceout='1cm'} summary(cars) ```

在图形之前和之后添加vspace

您可以创建一个新环境来嵌入图形.这需要添加一个技巧，使pandoc忽略\begin和\end，否则pandoc不会将环境中的代码视为markdown语法.

Add vspace before and after a figure

You can create a new environment to embed a figure. This requires to add a trick to make pandoc ignore \begin and \end, otherwise pandoc do not consider code inside environment as markdown syntax.

里面的文字

\newenvironment{plotspace}[1]{#1} % -- command for pandoc trick with \begin and \end -- % \newcommand{\nopandoc}[1]{#1}

在YAML中调用tex文件

output: pdf_document: keep_tex: yes include: in_header: header.tex

要包含在代码中的挂钩函数

hook_plot_def = knitr::knit_hooks$get('plot') knitr::knit_hooks$set(plot = function(x, options) { if (!is.null(options$vspaceplot)) { begin <- paste0("\\nopandoc{\\begin{plotspace}}\n\\vspace{", options$vspaceplot, "}\n") end <- paste0("\n\\vspace{", options$vspaceplot, "}\n\\nopandoc{\\end{plotspace}}") stringr::str_c(begin, hook_plot_def(x, options), end) } else { hook_plot_def(x, options) } })

如何称呼

```{r plotvspace, vspaceplot='2em', fig.cap='Figure with vspace'} plot(cars) ```

在新环境中检索阴影

在尝试更新Shaded环境时，可以在附加的header.tex文件中进行以下操作.

Retrieve Shaded in a renew environment

As you tried to renew Shaded environment, you can do it as follows in your additional header.tex file.

\renewenvironment{Shaded} { \vspace{2cm}% \begin{snugshade}% }{% \end{snugshade}% \vspace{5cm}% }