spring cloud alibaba nacos搭建最小可运行微服务

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spring cloud alibaba nacos搭建最小可运行微服务

一、环境

开发工具：IntelliJ Idea
JDK 1.8
Spring boot 2.3.12.RELEASE
spring cloud Alibaba 2.2.7.RELEASE
openfeign 2.2.9.RELEASE

二、程序目录

可以通过开发工具中的maven、spring initializr等进行项目创建。内容包括：父工程、两个子工程。结构如下图：

①父工程，该工程仅是pom工程，向子工程提供pom的继承。
②子工程，用于两个服务之间的调用

• 工程说明：
• order服务通过restTemplate和openfeign两种方式分别调用stock服务中的reduct接口

三、配置文件

• 3.1 父POM文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns=".0.0" xmlns:xsi=""xsi:schemaLocation=".0.0 .0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.jwssw</groupId><artifactId>microservice</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>microservice</name><description>microservice</description><packaging>pom</packaging><!--模块--><modules><module>order</module><module>stock</module></modules><!--父继承--><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><!--属性--><properties><java.version>8</java.version><spring.cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring.cloud.version><alibaba.cloud.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</alibaba.cloud.version></properties><!--管理器--><dependencyManagement><dependencies><!--引入spring cloud依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring.cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><!--引入spring cloud alibaba依赖--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${alibaba.cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><!--依赖--><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><!--spring boot web--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!--nacos 服务注册/发现 客户端--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId></dependency><!--openfeign 依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><!--单元测试--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><!--构建--><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><excludes><exclude><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></exclude></excludes></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

• 3.2 子工程POM，除artifactId外两个子工程配置一致

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns=".0.0"xmlns:xsi=""xsi:schemaLocation=".0.0 .0.0.xsd"><!--父继承--><parent><artifactId>microservice</artifactId><groupId>com.jwssw</groupId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>order</artifactId><!--属性--><properties><mavenpiler.source>8</mavenpiler.source><mavenpiler.target>8</mavenpiler.target></properties><!--依赖--><dependencies></dependencies>
</project>

• 3.3 application.yml配置文件，除application.name外两个子工程配置一致

server:port: 8011# spring 相关配置
spring:application:name: order-server # 服务名称cloud:# nacos客户端配置nacos:discovery:server-addr: 192.168.0.182:8848 # nacos服务地址# feign配置
feign:# 是否开启服务降级，默认不开启，true表示开启hystrix:enabled: true

四、程序代码

4.1 Order子工程的相关代码

• 4.1.1 启动类OrderApplication

package com.jwssw.order;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/*** 类描述：启动类** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @version 1.0* @email <a href="mailTo:luhaopeng2005@126">Lu Haopeng</a>* @date 2022/3/19 10:42* @since JDK 8*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderApplication {/*** 方法描述： 启动类入口** @param args 参数* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 13:50*/public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}/*** 方法描述： 装载restTemplate bean对象** @param builder 配置类* @return {@link RestTemplate}* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 13:51*/@LoadBalanced@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {return builder.build();}
}

• 4.1.2 控制类OrderController

package com.jwssw.order;import com.jwssw.order.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/*** 类描述：对外提供服务类** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @version 1.0* @email <a href="mailTo:luhaopeng2005@126">Lu Haopeng</a>* @date 2022/3/19 10:43* @since JDK 8*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {/** restTemplate远程调用对象 */private final RestTemplate restTemplate;/** openfeign远程调用对象 */private final OrderService orderService;/*** 构造方法注入*/public OrderController(RestTemplate restTemplate,@Qualifier("com.jwssw.order.service.OrderService") OrderService orderService) {this.restTemplate = restTemplate;this.orderService = orderService;}/*** 方法描述： 采用restTemplate方式远程调用** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 14:11*/@RequestMapping("/add")public String add() {// 远程调用String str = restTemplate.getForObject("http://stock-server/stock/reduct", String.class);// 返回结果return "Hello World " + str;}/*** 方法描述： 采用openfeign方式远程调用** @return {@link String}* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 14:12*/@RequestMapping("/feignAdd")public String feignAdd() {// openfeign调用远程接口String str = orderService.reduct();// 返回结果return "feign调用：" + str;}
}

• 4.1.3 openfeign接口类OrderService

package com.jwssw.order.service;import com.jwssw.order.service.impl.OrderServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;/*** 类描述：openfeign远程调用接口类** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @version 1.0* @email <a href="mailTo:luhaopeng2005@126">Lu Haopeng</a>* @date 2022/3/24 09:53* @since JDK 8*/
@FeignClient(name = "stock-server", fallback = OrderServiceImpl.class)
public interface OrderService {/*** 方法描述： 调用stock服务的reduct接口的方法** @return {@link String}* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 14:23*/@GetMapping("/stock/reduct")String reduct();
}

• 4.1.4 回调类OrderServiceImpl

package com.jwssw.order.service.impl;import com.jwssw.order.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/*** 类描述：openfeign远程调用失败的回调类** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @version 1.0* @email <a href="mailTo:luhaopeng2005@126">Lu Haopeng</a>* @date 2022/3/24 09:54* @since JDK 8*/
@Component
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {/*** 方法描述： 调用失败后的回调方法** @return {@link String}* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 14:23*/@Overridepublic String reduct() {return "库存服务不可达";}
}

4.2 stock子工程的相关代码

• 4.2.1 启动类StockApplication

package com.jwssw.stock;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/*** 类描述：stock项目启动类** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @version 1.0* @email <a href="mailTo:luhaopeng2005@126">Lu Haopeng</a>* @date 2022/3/19 10:52* @since JDK 8*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class StockApplication {/*** 方法描述： stock服务启动入口** @param args 参数* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 14:27*/public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(StockApplication.class, args);}
}

• 4.2.2 对外提供服务类StockController

package com.jwssw.stock;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** 类描述：对外提供服务类** @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @version 1.0* @email <a href="mailTo:luhaopeng2005@126">Lu Haopeng</a>* @date 2022/3/19 10:46* @since JDK 8*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {/** 获取配置文件中的端口号 */@Value("${server.port}")private String port;/*** 方法描述： 对外提供的方法** @return {@link String}* @author 鲁浩鹏 Lu Haopeng* @date 2022/3/25 14:29*/@RequestMapping("/reduct")public String reduct() {System.out.println("扣减库存成功");return "扣减库存" + port;}
}

五、总结

以上内容主要给予spring cloud alibaba的最小可运行的微服务Demo工程，如果你在实际项目中尚未微服务，不妨可以采用本文上述方式在实际项目中推行一下。