图像识别python"/>
植物图像识别python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-#利用python实现多种方法来实现图像识别
importcv2importnumpy as npfrom matplotlib importpyplot as plt#最简单的以灰度直方图作为相似比较的实现
def classify_gray_hist(image1,image2,size = (256,256)):#先计算直方图
#几个参数必须用方括号括起来
#这里直接用灰度图计算直方图,所以是使用第一个通道,
#也可以进行通道分离后,得到多个通道的直方图
#bins 取为16
image1 =cv2.resize(image1,size)
image2=cv2.resize(image2,size)
hist1= cv2.calcHist([image1],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0])
hist2= cv2.calcHist([image2],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0])#可以比较下直方图
plt.plot(range(256),hist1,'r')
plt.plot(range(256),hist2,'b')
plt.show()#计算直方图的重合度
degree =0for i inrange(len(hist1)):if hist1[i] !=hist2[i]:
degree= degree + (1 - abs(hist1[i]-hist2[i])/max(hist1[i],hist2[i]))else:
degree= degree + 1degree= degree/len(hist1)returndegree#计算单通道的直方图的相似值
defcalculate(image1,image2):
hist1= cv2.calcHist([image1],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0])
hist2= cv2.calcHist([image2],[0],None,[256],[0.0,255.0])#计算直方图的重合度
degree =0for i inrange(len(hist1)):if hist1[i] !=hist2[i]:
degree= degree + (1 - abs(hist1[i]-hist2[i])/max(hist1[i],hist2[i]))else:
degree= degree + 1degree= degree/len(hist1)returndegree#通过得到每个通道的直方图来计算相似度
def classify_hist_with_split(image1,image2,size = (256,256)):#将图像resize后,分离为三个通道,再计算每个通道的相似值
image1 =cv2.resize(image1,size)
image2=cv2.resize(image2,size)
sub_image1=cv2.split(image1)
sub_image2=cv2.split(image2)
sub_data=0for im1,im2 inzip(sub_image1,sub_image2):
sub_data+=calculate(im1,im2)
sub_data= sub_data/3
returnsub_data#平均哈希算法计算
defclassify_aHash(image1,image2):
image1= cv2.resize(image1,(8,8))
image2= cv2.resize(image2,(8,8))
gray1=cv2.cvtColor(image1,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray2=cv2.cvtColor(image2,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
hash1=getHash(gray1)
hash2=getHash(gray2)returnHamming_distance(hash1,hash2)defclassify_pHash(image1,image2):
image1= cv2.resize(image1,(32,32))
image2= cv2.resize(image2,(32,32))
gray1=cv2.cvtColor(image1,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray2=cv2.cvtColor(image2,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#将灰度图转为浮点型,再进行dct变换
dct1 =cv2.dct(np.float32(gray1))
dct2=cv2.dct(np.float32(gray2))#取左上角的8*8,这些代表图片的最低频率
#这个操作等价于c++中利用opencv实现的掩码操作
#在python中进行掩码操作,可以直接这样取出图像矩阵的某一部分
dct1_roi = dct1[0:8,0:8]
dct2_roi= dct2[0:8,0:8]
hash1=getHash(dct1_roi)
hash2=getHash(dct2_roi)returnHamming_distance(hash1,hash2)#输入灰度图,返回hash
defgetHash(image):
avreage=np.mean(image)
hash=[]for i inrange(image.shape[0]):for j in range(image.shape[1]):if image[i,j] >avreage:
hash.append(1)else:
hash.append(0)returnhash#计算汉明距离
defHamming_distance(hash1,hash2):
num=0for index inrange(len(hash1)):if hash1[index] !=hash2[index]:
num+= 1
returnnumif __name__ == '__main__':
img1= cv2.imread('1.jpg')
cv2.imshow('img1',img1)
img2= cv2.imread('2.jpg')
cv2.imshow('img2',img2)
degree=classify_gray_hist(img1,img2)#degree = classify_hist_with_split(img1,img2)
#degree = classify_aHash(img1,img2)
#degree = classify_pHash(img1,img2)
printdegree
cv2.waitKey(0)
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