数据类型5"/>
Python的数据类型5
一。字典dict的属性
1.字典的基本用法
info = {
“k1”:“v1”,#键值对,:代表赋值等于
“k2”:“v2”
}
2.字典的vlaue可以是任意类型
info = {"k1": 18,"k2": True,"k3": [11,[],(),22,33,{'kk1': 'vv1','kk2': 'vv2','kk3': (11, 22),}],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44)
}
print(info)
3.布尔值,列表,字典不能作为字典的KEY
info = {1:'asdf',"k1":'qweqe',(123,11):122}
print(info)
4.字典是无序的*****************未尝试出来结果,等待修改
info = {"k1": 18,"k2": True,"k3": [11,[],(),22,33,{'kk1': 'vv1','kk2': 'vv2','kk3': (11, 22),}],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44)
}
print(info)#多次输出发现其,随机出现顺序
5.利用索引查找列表中的元素(eg:11)
info = {"k1": 18,"k2": True,"k3": [11,[],(),22,33,{'kk1': 'vv1','kk2': 'vv2','kk3': (11, 22),}],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44)
}
v = info["k3"][5]['kk3'][0]
print(v)
6.字典dict支持del删除
info = {"k1": 18,"k2": True,"k3": [11,[],(),22,33,{'kk1': 'vv1',#***'kk2': 'vv2','kk3': (11, 22),}],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44)
}
del info['k1']#删除键值k1
print(info)
del info['k3'][5]['kk1']
print(info)
7.dic的for循环,默认循环字典的Key
info = {"k1": 18,2: True,"k3": [11,[],(),22,33,{'kk1': 'vv1',#***'kk2': 'vv2','kk3': (11, 22),}],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44)
}
for item in info:#等于for item in info.keys()print(item)
for item1 in info.values():#输出dic中的valuesprint(item1)
注:循环输出dit中的键值对(key和values):
方法一:自己循环输出
for item in info.keys():print(item,info[item])
方法二:使用.item()
for k, v in info.items():print(k,v)
二。字典dic的功能:
1.fromkeys()根据序列,创建字典,指定统一的值
dic = {"k1":"v1"
}
v = dict.fromkeys(["k1",123,"999"],123)#123为values,"k1",123,"999"为dic的key
print(v)#生成字典类型,
2.get()根据KEY获取字典中的值,如果KEY不存在默认为None(可以修改)
dic = {"k1":"v1"
}
v1 = dic.get('k1')
print(v1)
v2 = dic.get('k121')
print(v2)
v3 = dic.get('k121',11111)
print(v3)
v4 = dic.get('k1',11111)
print(v4)
3.pop(),删除并获取dic中的值,默认可以获取values(可以带参数,指定返回值)
dic = {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"
}
v1 = dic.pop('k1')
print(dic,v1)v2 = dic.pop('k1',90)
print(dic,v2)v3 = dic.pop('k3',90)
print(dic,v3)
#popitem()删除并获取dic中的值,不可以带参数
dic = {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"
}
v4 = dic.popitem()
print(dic,v4)k,v = dic.popitem()
print(dic,k,v)
4.设置dic中的数值,若已存在不设置并获取当前的key;若不存在,添加设置,并获取获取当前的key
dic = {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"
}
v1 = dic.setdefault('k1',123)
print(dic,v1)
v2 = dic.setdefault('k1111',123)
print(dic,v2)
5.update更新,原来有就更新,没有则添加
dic = {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"
}
dic.update({'k1':'1111','k3':123})#方法一
print(dic)
dic.update(k1=123,k3=324,k5="dasd")#方法二
print(dic)
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