Android Volley源码分析(2)

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Android Volley源码分析(2)

这篇博客我们继续分析一下Volley框架的源码。

之前的博客侧重于RequestQueue启动后服务端的运行流程,
本篇博客主要分析一下加入Request后,RequestQueue具体的处理方式。


1、 RequestQueue的add接口

我们从RequestQueue的add接口入手:

public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {// Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.// 将Request与RequestQueue关联起来,毕竟用户是可以创建多个RequestQueue的request.setRequestQueue(this);synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {//mCurrentRequests用于保留RequestQueue正在处理的Request//当Request处理完毕后,回调RequestQueue的finish接口,就可以被mCurrentRequests移除了mCurrentRequests.add(request);}// Process requests in the order they are added.request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());request.addMarker("add-to-queue");// If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.if (!request.shouldCache()) {//对于无需Cache的Request,直接加入到网络队列中,进行下载操作mNetworkQueue.add(request);return request;}// Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.// mWaitingRequests相当于是RequestQueue的运行时缓存synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {//Request的getCacheKey是可以重载的,默认使用的Request的urlString cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();//如果之前已经发送过同样url的Request,且这个Request正在被处理if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {// There is already a request in flight. Queue up.Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);//用LinkedList保存重复的请求,不再触发后续下载操作if (stagedRequests == null) {stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();}stagedRequests.add(request);//当一个Request处理完毕,回调RequestQueue的finish接口后,//其对应的stagedRequests将从mWaitingRequests移除//全部被添加到mCacheQueue中//于是,如果之前的Request已经下载成功,有了cache信息,就不会再触发下载操作//否则,Volley框架会重新进行下载mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);....................} else {// Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in// flight.// 非重复的请求,会立即加入到CacheQueue中// 根据之前博客的分析,我们知道CacheDispatcher将在物理缓存中,// 进一步查找是否有该请求对应的回复信息mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);mCacheQueue.add(request);}return request;}
}

从RequestQueue的add接口来看,其中比较值得一提的是引入了mWaitingRequests。

当访问同一个url的Request连续加入到RequestQueue时,只有第一个会立即被加入到mCacheQueue中进行处理,
其它后续的Request均被加入到mWaitingRequests中。
当第一个Request处理完毕回调Request的finish接口后,代码如下:

    <T> void finish(Request<T> request) {// Remove from the set of requests currently being processed.// 首先从mCurrentRequests移除该Requestsynchronized (mCurrentRequests) {mCurrentRequests.remove(request);}//回调listener对应的接口synchronized (mFinishedListeners) {for (RequestFinishedListener<T> listener : mFinishedListeners) {listener.onRequestFinished(request);}}if (request.shouldCache()) {synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();//取出waitingRequests中Request对应的后续请求队列Queue<Request<?>> waitingRequests = mWaitingRequests.remove(cacheKey);if (waitingRequests != null) {...............// Process all queued up requests. They won't be considered as in flight, but// that's not a problem as the cache has been primed by 'request'.// 将后续请求队列中的Request全部加入到CacheQueue中,供CacheDispatcher处理// 如上文所述,若之前下载成功,CacheDispatcher就会从cache中获取到结果// 否则,将重新触发下载// 需要注意的是,如果请求队列中有多个Request,将被NetworkDispatcher并发处理mCacheQueue.addAll(waitingRequests);}}}}

可以看出,RequestQueue通过mWaitingRequests,可以在一定程度上避免对同一个网络地址的重复访问。


2、BasicNetwork的performRequest接口

根据之前博客分析的CacheDispatcher和NetworkDispatcher的代码,
我们知道一个Request如果没有对应的缓存信息,
最终将被NetworkDispatcher交给BasicNetwork的performRequest函数处理。

在performRequest函数中,将进行实际的下载操作。
现在,我们来看看这部分代码:

@Override
public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError {long requestStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();//此处while参数为true,必须返回结果或抛出异常才能结束//这么设计是为了便于重新下载while (true) {//以下均是用于保存返回结果的HttpResponse httpResponse = null;byte[] responseContents = null;Map<String, String> responseHeaders = Collections.emptyMap();try {// Gather headers.// 将用于保存http头部信息Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();//这部分代码对应于有cache,但需要重新更新信息的场景//如果有Cache,将Cache中的信息加入到headers中//其中比较重要的是,增加了"If-Modified-Since"字段,即要求从服务器获取xxx时间之后的数据addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry());//利用HttpStack进行实际的下载,得到httpResponsehttpResponse = mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);//在这之后的代码比较繁杂,但主体的意思就是根据Response中的信息,进行相应的处理// Http Response中不同的statusCode// 定义了网络访问后不同的情况// 即用来说明网络访问是否成功、或者表明了网络访问失败的原因等StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine();int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();//将Response中的头部信息,按键值对存入到前文定义的responseHeaders中responseHeaders = convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());// Handle cache validation.// 网络访问返回304,说明该Request对应的Cache还是可以用的,服务端对应的资源并没有更新if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED) {Entry entry = request.getCacheEntry();if (entry == null) {//构造Response返回return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, null,responseHeaders, true,SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);}// A HTTP 304 response does not have all header fields. We// have to use the header fields from the cache entry plus// the new ones from the response.// .html#sec10.3.5// 注释写的还是很清楚的,合并形成一个Response Headerentry.responseHeaders.putAll(responseHeaders);//构造Response返回return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, entry.data,entry.responseHeaders, true,SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);}// Some responses such as 204s do not have content.  We must check.// 非304场景,保存httpResponse中的数据if (httpResponse.getEntity() != null) {responseContents = entityToBytes(httpResponse.getEntity());} else {// Add 0 byte response as a way of honestly representing a// no-content request.responseContents = new byte[0];}............//网络返回结果失败,主动抛出IO异常,后文处理if (statusCode < 200 || statusCode > 299) {throw new IOException();}//正常情况,构造Response返回return new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents, responseHeaders, false,SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);//网络下载可能碰到的异常比较多,显得比较繁杂} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {//attemptRetryOnException是用于判断是否还需要重试//如果不需要重试,就会抛出参数中的Error信息,结束performRequest函数//否则,就会回到while循环的起始部分,重新下载attemptRetryOnException("socket", request, new TimeoutError());} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {attemptRetryOnException("connection", request, new TimeoutError());} catch (MalformedURLException e) {throw new RuntimeException("Bad URL " + request.getUrl(), e);} catch (IOException e) {//前文status code异常时,主动抛出了IOExceptionint statusCode = 0;NetworkResponse networkResponse = null;if (httpResponse != null) {statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();} else {throw new NoConnectionError(e);}.....................if (responseContents != null) {networkResponse = new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents,responseHeaders, false, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);//401 Unauthorized 客户试图未经授权访问受密码保护的页面// 403 Forbidden 资源不可用if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED ||statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN) {attemptRetryOnException("auth",request, new AuthFailureError(networkResponse));} else {// TODO: Only throw ServerError for 5xx status codes.// 这里抛出的异常,都会被NetworkDispatcher捕获,封装成VolleryError发送给UI线程throw new ServerError(networkResponse);}} else {throw new NetworkError(networkResponse);}}}
}

BasicNetwork的performRequest看起来比较复杂,但它的逻辑其实还是比较简单的:
根据Http访问得到返回值中的status code,判断网络访问的结果,并将结果封装成NetworkResponse递交给UI线程。

此外,在某些错误场景下,BasicNetwork将调用attemptRetryOnException函数判断是否需要进行重传操作,
或者直接抛出异常让NetworkDispatcher捕获,形成递交给UI线程的VolleyError。


在进一步分析HttpStack的下载过程前,我们先来看看上文提到的attemptRetryOnException函数:

private static void attemptRetryOnException(String logPrefix, Request<?> request,VolleyError exception) throws VolleyError {//从Request中获取Retry PolicyRetryPolicy retryPolicy = request.getRetryPolicy();int oldTimeout = request.getTimeoutMs();try {// 调用对应的retry接口,更新重传次数// 超过重传上限,抛出异常retryPolicy.retry(exception);} catch (VolleyError e) {request.addMarker(String.format("%s-timeout-giveup [timeout=%s]", logPrefix, oldTimeout));// 捕获retry接口抛出的异常后,再次抛出异常// 结束BasicNetwork的performRequest函数,返回错误信息给UI线程throw e;}request.addMarker(String.format("%s-retry [timeout=%s]", logPrefix, oldTimeout));
}

目前Volley中原生的Request使用的均是DefaultRetryPolicy,我们看看对应的接口实现:

    .................@Overridepublic void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError {mCurrentRetryCount++;mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier);// hasAttemptRemaining判断能否继续重传if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) {throw error;}}/*** Returns true if this policy has attempts remaining, false otherwise.*/protected boolean hasAttemptRemaining() {//原生的设计是判断重传次数是否超过限制//mMaxNumRetries的值默认设计为1,即仅能重传一次return mCurrentRetryCount <= mMaxNumRetries;}..............

不难看出,目前attemptRetryOnException函数主要根据当前Request的重传次数及上限,
来判断是否可以进行一次下载操作。


3、HttpStack的performRequest接口

从前文的代码可以看出,BasicNetwork最终的下载操作依赖于它的HttpStack。

根据之前博客的分析,我们知道Volley在创建RequestQueue时,
生成了HurlStack和HttpClientStack,并且在Android的高版本中将使用HurlStack。

因此,我们就以HurlStack的performRequest为例,看看下载的具体操作。

public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)throws IOException, AuthFailureError {String url = request.getUrl();//map中保存头信息HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();map.putAll(request.getHeaders());map.putAll(additionalHeaders);if (mUrlRewriter != null) {//按需对url进行重写String rewritten = mUrlRewriter.rewriteUrl(url);if (rewritten == null) {throw new IOException("URL blocked by rewriter: " + url);}url = rewritten;}URL parsedUrl = new URL(url);//创建URLConnection,后文分析openConnectionHttpURLConnection connection = openConnection(parsedUrl, request);//添加头部附加信息for (String headerName : map.keySet()) {connection.addRequestProperty(headerName, map.get(headerName));}//根据Request,进一步添加信息,后文再进一步看看这个函数setConnectionParametersForRequest(connection, request);// Initialize HttpResponse with data from the HttpURLConnection.ProtocolVersion protocolVersion = new ProtocolVersion("HTTP", 1, 1);//利用HttpURLConnection的getResponseCode方法得到网络访问的返回的status codeint responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();if (responseCode == -1) {// -1 is returned by getResponseCode() if the response code could not be retrieved.// Signal to the caller that something was wrong with the connection.throw new IOException("Could not retrieve response code from HttpUrlConnection.");}//将结果封装成org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse的格式StatusLine responseStatus = new BasicStatusLine(protocolVersion,connection.getResponseCode(), connection.getResponseMessage());BasicHttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(responseStatus);// 根据Request Method及response code,判断是否还有数据需要下载if (hasResponseBody(request.getMethod(), responseStatus.getStatusCode())) {// 若有数据待下载,则调用entityFromConnection获取数据,并封装到response中// 后文再来进一步分析这个函数response.setEntity(entityFromConnection(connection));}//将Http的头部信息,写入到response中for (Entry<String, List<String>> header : connection.getHeaderFields().entrySet()) {if (header.getKey() != null) {Header h = new BasicHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue().get(0));response.addHeader(h);}}return response;
}

通过上文的代码,我们终于明白了,Volley的底层通信实际上依赖的是HttpURLConnection。
而HttpURLConnection实际上是通过Socket建立实际通信链接的。
之后,我们在单独利用一篇博客专门分析一下HttpURLConnection的通信流程。

现在,我们先来看看HttpStack的performRequest中调用的几个函数。


openConnection

openConnection函数负责根据Request中的信息,建立一个HttpURLConnection,其源码如下:

    private HttpURLConnection openConnection(URL url, Request<?> request) throws IOException {// 利用URL的openConnection接口创建HttpURLConnection,并设置了Follow Redirects属性HttpURLConnection connection = createConnection(url);// 配置HttpURLConnection的一些属性int timeoutMs = request.getTimeoutMs();connection.setConnectTimeout(timeoutMs);connection.setReadTimeout(timeoutMs);connection.setUseCaches(false);connection.setDoInput(true);// use caller-provided custom SslSocketFactory, if any, for HTTPS// 默认的HurlStack并没有设置SslSocketFactoryif ("https".equals(url.getProtocol()) && mSslSocketFactory != null) {//HttpURLConnection的SocketFactory将负责创建出实际通信用的Socket//之后的博客分析HttpURLConnection的通信流程时,再来分析这些细节((HttpsURLConnection)connection).setSSLSocketFactory(mSslSocketFactory);}return connection;}

从上述代码可以看出,openConnection函数主要负责开启HttpURLConnection,并设置一些必要的参数。


setConnectionParametersForRequest

从函数名即可看出,该函数将用于进一步为HttpURLConnection设置参数,我们稍微看看细节。

    static void setConnectionParametersForRequest(HttpURLConnection connection,Request<?> request) throws IOException, AuthFailureError {switch (request.getMethod()) {//这个Method被deprecated了,根据post body,来决定到底是get方法还是post方法case Method.DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST:// This is the deprecated way that needs to be handled for backwards compatibility.// If the request's post body is null, then the assumption is that the request is// GET.  Otherwise, it is assumed that the request is a POST.byte[] postBody = request.getPostBody();//如果是post方法,则直接写入DataOutputStreamif (postBody != null) {// Prepare output. There is no need to set Content-Length explicitly,// since this is handled by HttpURLConnection using the size of the prepared// output stream.connection.setDoOutput(true);connection.setRequestMethod("POST");connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE,request.getPostBodyContentType());DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());out.write(postBody);out.close();}break;//下文的方法,除了post、put和patch外,都只是修改HttpURLConnection的Method参数//post、put和patch均会利用addBodyIfExists函数,进一步写入信息case Method.GET:// Not necessary to set the request method because connection defaults to GET but// being explicit here.connection.setRequestMethod("GET");break;case Method.DELETE:connection.setRequestMethod("DELETE");break;case Method.POST:connection.setRequestMethod("POST");addBodyIfExists(connection, request);break;case Method.PUT:connection.setRequestMethod("PUT");addBodyIfExists(connection, request);break;case Method.HEAD:connection.setRequestMethod("HEAD");break;case Method.OPTIONS:connection.setRequestMethod("OPTIONS");break;case Method.TRACE:connection.setRequestMethod("TRACE");break;case Method.PATCH:connection.setRequestMethod("PATCH");addBodyIfExists(connection, request);break;default:throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown method type.");}}

我们看看addBodyIfExists函数的代码:

    //容易看出,Method.DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST的处理一致,就是判断是否有需上传的数据//如果有数据的话,就写入DataOutputStream中private static void addBodyIfExists(HttpURLConnection connection, Request<?> request)throws IOException, AuthFailureError {byte[] body = request.getBody();if (body != null) {connection.setDoOutput(true);connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType());DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());out.write(body);out.close();}}

entityFromConnection

entityFromConnection主要用于获取HttpResponse中数据,其源码如下:

    private static HttpEntity entityFromConnection(HttpURLConnection connection) {BasicHttpEntity entity = new BasicHttpEntity();InputStream inputStream;try {//实际上就是获取HttpURLConnection的InputStream//然后从InputStream中的到信息,填充到HttpEntity中inputStream = connection.getInputStream();} catch (IOException ioe) {inputStream = connection.getErrorStream();}entity.setContent(inputStream);entity.setContentLength(connection.getContentLength());entity.setContentEncoding(connection.getContentEncoding());entity.setContentType(connection.getContentType());return entity;}

至此,HurlStack的下载方式基本分析完毕,可以看出HurlStack主要根据Http头部的一些标志,
利用HttpURLConnection来完成实际的上传和下载工作。

4、ExecutorDelivery返回结果给UI线程

截至到这里,我们已经分析了Volley服务端处理Request的流程,也明白了Volley具体的下载操作,
现在是时候看看Volley框架如何将结果返回给UI线程了。

根据之前的代码,我们知道Volley在创建RequestQueue时,在RequestQueue的构造函数中创建了ExecutorDelivery。
ExecutorDelivery中封装了主线程对应的Handler。

我们看看ExecutorDelivery的构造函数:

    public ExecutorDelivery(final Handler handler) {// Make an Executor that just wraps the handler.mResponsePoster = new Executor() {@Overridepublic void execute(Runnable command) {//Executor将实际的工作交给主线程的Handler处理handler.post(command);}};}

根据之前的代码,无论是CacheDispatcher还是NetworkDispatcher,
在处理完NetworkRequest后,均会调用ExecutorDelivery的postResponse接口发送处理结果,
或者利用postError接口发送错误信息。

我们一起来看一下ExecutorDelivery的函数:

    @Overridepublic void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response) {postResponse(request, response, null);}@Overridepublic void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {request.markDelivered();request.addMarker("post-response");mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));}@Overridepublic void postError(Request<?> request, VolleyError error) {request.addMarker("post-error");Response<?> response = Response.error(error);mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, null));}

从这段代码可以看出,最终将在主线程中运行ResponseDeliveryRunnable的run方法:

        @Overridepublic void run() {// If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");return;}// Deliver a normal response or error, depending.if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);} else {mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);}// If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done// and the request can be finished.if (mResponse.intermediate) {mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");} else {mRequest.finish("done");}// If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.if (mRunnable != null) {mRunnable.run();}}

容易看出,上文均是回调Request的接口,这些接口就可以由其子类来实现。
例如,StringRequest的deliverResponse函数:

    @Overrideprotected void deliverResponse(String response) {//回调Listener的onResponse接口mListener.onResponse(response);}

至此,Volley框架的主要流程分析完毕,其它的ImageLoader、NetworkImageView均是在当前框架的RequestQueue、ImageRequest
基础上做到进一步封装,就不做进一步分析了。

5、Google提供的原理图

最后,结合Google提供的Volley原理图,我们一起回顾一下整个Volley的工作流程。

如上图所示,整个Volley框架共有三类线程。
主线程的工作主要是创建和启动RequestQueue的各组件,
然后由封装主线程Handler的ExecutorDelivery传递信息。

缓存查找线程的工作主要由CacheDispatcher来完成。
CacheDispatcher将在物理文件中查找是否有Request对应的信息,
如果能够查找到信息,就会利用ExecutorDelivery向UI线程返回结果。
否则,将Request递交给NetworkDispatcher处理。

Volley中默认会有4个NetworkDispatcher,
它们将从支持并发访问的BlockingQueue中获取Request进行处理。
NetworkDispatcher主要以HttpURLConnection来进行实际的下载操作,
完成下载工作后,同样通过ExecutorDelivery向UI线程返回结果,
并按照需要将结果写入到物理缓存中。

ExecutorDelivery将在主线程中,回调Request的接口,
这些接口将由Request的子类来实现。

从整体上来讲,理解Volley框架还是比较简单的,
其关键的特点就是缓存、并发,当然Volley本身还会进行一些重传操作。

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