【手把手带你学JavaSE系列】练习项目—图书管理系统

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【手把手带你学JavaSE系列】练习项目—图书管理系统

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前言
一、项目需求
二、实现思路
三、代码实现
- 1. book包
- - Book类
  - BookList类
- 2. operations包
- - AddOperation类
  - BorrowOperation类
  - DelOperation类
  - DisplayOperation类
  - ExitOperation类
  - FindOperation类
  - ReturnOperation类
  - IOperation接口
- 3. user包
- - AdminUser类
  - NormalUser类
  - User类
  - Main类
四、效果展示

前言

学习了类、抽象类、封装、继承、多态、接口等知识之后，为了更好的去理解贯彻知识，我们今天练习一个小项目—图书管理系统。

一、项目需求

图书管理系统，面向管理员和普通用户使用，对管理员的开放的功能有：添加图书，删除图书，查找图书，显示图书和退出程序等；对普通用户的开放的功能有：查找图书，借阅图书，归还图书和退出程序。

二、实现思路

首先我们想到的对象就是用户和书。

用户包括管理员和普通用户，书要有放书的书架，不同的用户有不同的操作。

接下来我们就要实现这些操作。

三、代码实现

1. book包

Book类

package book;import java.security.SecureRandom;public class Book {private String name;//书名private String author;//作者private int price;//价格private String type;//类型private boolean isBorrowed;//是否借出public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {this.name = name;this.author = author;this.price = price;this.type = type;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getAuthor() {return author;}public void setAuthor(String author) {this.author = author;}public int getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(int price) {this.price = price;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public boolean isBorrowed() {return isBorrowed;}public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {isBorrowed = borrowed;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Book{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", author='" + author + '\'' +", price=" + price +", type='" + type + '\'' +((isBorrowed == true) ?  " 已经被借出 " : "  未被借出 ")+'}';}
}

BookList类

package book;public class BookList {private Book[] books = new Book[10];private int usedSize;public BookList(){books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17,"小说");books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",40,"小说");books[2] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",57,"小说");this.usedSize = 3;}public int getUsedSize() {return usedSize;}public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {this.usedSize = usedSize;}/*** 获取到pos位置的一本书* @param pos* @return*/public Book getPos(int pos){return this.books[pos];}/*** 设置pos下标为一本书->[添加一本书]* @param pos* @param book*/public void setBook(int pos,Book book){this.books[pos] = book;}
}

2. operations包

AddOperation类

package operations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.policy.privateutil.PolicyUtils;import java.util.Scanner;public class AddOperation implements IOperation {@Overridepublic void work(BookList bookList) {System.out.println("新增图书");//输入图书信息System.out.println("输入新增图书名称:");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("输入新增图书作者:");String author = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("输入新增图书价格:");int price = scanner.nextInt();scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("输入新增图书类型:");String type = scanner.nextLine();Book book = new Book(name, author, price, type);//获取存书位置int size = bookList.getUsedSize();//把书放到书架（数组）bookList.setBook(size,book);//书的总数加1bookList.setUsedSize(size+1);System.out.println("添加成功！");}
}

BorrowOperation类

package operations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("借阅图书！");System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书的名字：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getPos(i);if(name.equals(book.getName())){book.setBorrowed(true);System.out.println("借阅成功！");System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("没有你要借阅的这本书！");}}

DelOperation类

package operations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;public class DelOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("删除图书！");//1.根据书名找到书的位置indexSystem.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();int index = 0;//存储找到的下标int i = 0;for (; i < currentSize; i++) {Book book = bookList.getPos(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){index = i;break;}}if(i >= currentSize){System.out.println("没有你要删除的这本书！");return;}//2.进行删除for (int j = 0; j < currentSize - 1; j++) {Book book = bookList.getPos(j + 1);bookList.setBook(j,book);}bookList.setBook(currentSize,null);bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);System.out.println("删除成功! ");}
}

DisplayOperation类

package operations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("打印图书！");int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getPos(i);System.out.println(book);}}
}

ExitOperation类

package operations;import book.BookList;public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("退出系统！");System.exit(0);}
}

FindOperation类

package operations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;public class FindOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("查找图书！");String name = scanner.nextLine();int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getPos(i);if(name.equals(book.getName())){System.out.println("找到了这本书，信息如下：");System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("没有找到这本书!");}
}

ReturnOperation类

package operations;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{public void work(BookList bookList){System.out.println("归还图书！");System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书的名字：");String name = scanner.nextLine();int size = bookList.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {Book book = bookList.getPos(i);if(name.equals(book.getName())){book.setBorrowed(false);System.out.println("归还成功！");System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("没有你要归还的这本书！");}}

IOperation接口

package operations;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;public interface IOperation {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);void work(BookList bookList);
}

3. user包

AdminUser类

package user;import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.policy.privateutil.PolicyUtils;
import operations.*;import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.SplittableRandom;public class AdminUser extends User{public AdminUser(String name){super(name);this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new AddOperation(),new DelOperation(),new DisplayOperation()};}public int menu(){System.out.println("============管理员菜单============");System.out.println("hello" +" " + this.name + " 欢迎来到这里");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.新增图书");System.out.println("3.删除图书");System.out.println("4.显示图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("=================================");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();return choice;}
}

NormalUser类

package user;import operations.*;import java.util.Scanner;public class NormalUser extends User{public NormalUser(String name){super(name);this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {new ExitOperation(),new FindOperation(),new BorrowOperation(),new ReturnOperation()};}public int menu(){System.out.println("============普通用户菜单============");System.out.println("hello" +" " + this.name + " 欢迎来到这里");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.借阅图书");System.out.println("3.归还图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("=================================");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();return choice;}
}

User类

package user;import book.BookList;
import operations.IOperation;public abstract class User {protected String name;protected IOperation[] iOperations;public User(String name){this.name = name;}public abstract int menu();public void doWork(int choice, BookList bookList){iOperations[choice].work(bookList);}
}

Main类

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static User login(){System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入你的身份：1->管理员。0->普通用户");int choice = scanner.nextInt();if(choice == 1){return new AdminUser(name);}else {return new NormalUser(name);}}public static void main(String[] args) {BookList bookList = new BookList();User user = login();//向上转型while(true) {int choice = user.menu();//发生了动态绑定 -> 多态//根据你的choice 调用合适的操作user.doWork(choice, bookList);}}
}