基于SuperPoint与SuperGlue实现图像配准

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基于SuperPoint与SuperGlue实现图像配准

基于SuperPoint与SuperGlue实现图像配准，项目地址，使用到了特殊算子grid_sample，在转onnx时要求opset_version为16及以上（即pytorch版本为1.9以上）。SuperPoint模型用于提取图像的特征点和特征点描述符（在进行图像配准时需要运行两个，实现对两个图片特征点的提取），SuperGlue模型用于对SuperPoint模型所提取的特征点和特征描述符进行匹配。

使用SuperPoint与SuperGlue训练自己的数据库，可以查看该文库资料，该文档详细记录了使用pytorch-superpoint与pytorch-superglue项目实现训练自己的数据集的过程。

1、前置操作

为实现模型可以onnx部署，对项目中部分代码进行修改。主要是删除代码中对dict对象的使用，因为onnx不支持。

1.1 superpoint修改

代码在models/superpoint.py中，主要修改 SuperPoint模型的forward函数（代码在145行开始），不使用字典对象做参数（输入值和输出值），避免在onnx算子中不支持。同时对keypoints的实现函数进行多种尝试。其中，SuperPoint模型在训练时是只输出坐标点置信度（scores1）和坐标点的描述符（descriptors1），这里的坐标其实就是指特征点。但是，坐标信息仅体现在网格数据中且在进行点匹配时需要xy格式的坐标，为此将scores中置信度值大于阈值的点的坐标进行提取，故此得到了keypoints1（坐标点）。

    def forward(self, data):""" Compute keypoints, scores, descriptors for image """# Shared Encoderx = self.relu(self.conv1a(data))x = self.relu(self.conv1b(x))x = self.pool(x)x = self.relu(self.conv2a(x))x = self.relu(self.conv2b(x))x = self.pool(x)x = self.relu(self.conv3a(x))x = self.relu(self.conv3b(x))x = self.pool(x)x = self.relu(self.conv4a(x))x = self.relu(self.conv4b(x))# Compute the dense keypoint scorescPa = self.relu(self.convPa(x))scores = self.convPb(cPa)scores = torch.nn.functional.softmax(scores, 1)[:, :-1]b, _, h, w = scores.shapescores = scores.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(b, h, w, 8, 8)scores = scores.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4).reshape(b, h*8, w*8)scores = simple_nms(scores, self.config['nms_radius'])# Extract keypoints#keypoints = [ torch.nonzero(s > self.config['keypoint_threshold']) for s in scores]## nonzero->tensorRT not support#keypoints = [torch.vstack(torch.where(s > self.config['keypoint_threshold'])).T for s in scores]## vstack->onnx not support#keypoints = [torch.cat(torch.where(s > self.config['keypoint_threshold']),0).reshape(len(s.shape),-1).T for s in scores]# tensor.T->onnx not support#keypoints = [none_zero_index(s,self.config['keypoint_threshold']) for s in scores]# where->nonzero ->tensorRT not supportkeypoints = [torch.transpose(torch.cat(torch.where(s>self.config['keypoint_threshold']),0).reshape(len(s.shape),-1),1,0) for s in scores]# transpose->tensorRT not supportscores = [s[tuple(k.t())] for s, k in zip(scores, keypoints)]# Discard keypoints near the image borderskeypoints, scores = list(zip(*[remove_borders(k, s, self.config['remove_borders'], h*8, w*8)for k, s in zip(keypoints, scores)]))# Keep the k keypoints with highest scoreif self.config['max_keypoints'] >= 0:keypoints, scores = list(zip(*[top_k_keypoints(k, s, self.config['max_keypoints'])for k, s in zip(keypoints, scores)]))# Convert (h, w) to (x, y)keypoints = [torch.flip(k, [1]).float() for k in keypoints]# Compute the dense descriptorscDa = self.relu(self.convDa(x))descriptors = self.convDb(cDa)descriptors = torch.nn.functional.normalize(descriptors, p=2, dim=1)# Extract descriptorsdescriptors = [sample_descriptors(k[None], d[None], 8)[0]for k, d in zip(keypoints, descriptors)]# return {#     'keypoints': keypoints,#     'scores': scores,#     'descriptors': descriptors,# }return  keypoints[0].unsqueeze(0),scores[0].unsqueeze(0),descriptors[0].unsqueeze(0)

1.2 SuperGlue修改

代码中models/superglue.py中，主要修正由于字典对象在superpoint中被删除后的的影像。

1.2.1 normalize_keypoints函数调整

将原函数的参数image_shape替换为height和width

def normalize_keypoints(kpts,  height, width):""" Normalize keypoints locations based on image image_shape"""one = kpts.new_tensor(1)size = torch.stack([one*width, one*height])[None]center = size / 2scaling = size.max(1, keepdim=True).values * 0.7return (kpts - center[:, None, :]) / scaling[:, None, :]

1.2.2 forword函数修改

将代码中SuperGlue的forward函数使用以下代码替换。主要是修改了传入参数，将先前的字典进行了解包，让一个参数变成了6个；并对函数的返回值进行了修改，同时固定死了图像的size为640*640。
SuperGlue模型是根据输入的两组keypoints、scores、descriptors数据，输出两组match_indices, match_mscores信息。第一组用于描述A->B的对应关系，第二组用于描述B->A的对应关系。

    def forward(self, data_descriptors0, data_descriptors1, data_keypoints0, data_keypoints1, data_scores0, data_scores1):"""Run SuperGlue on a pair of keypoints and descriptors"""#, height:int, width:intheight, width=640,640desc0, desc1 = data_descriptors0, data_descriptors1kpts0, kpts1 = data_keypoints0, data_keypoints1if kpts0.shape[1] == 0 or kpts1.shape[1] == 0:  # no keypointsshape0, shape1 = kpts0.shape[:-1], kpts1.shape[:-1]return kpts0.new_full(shape0, -1, dtype=torch.int),kpts1.new_full(shape1, -1, dtype=torch.int),kpts0.new_zeros(shape0),kpts1.new_zeros(shape1)# Keypoint normalization.kpts0 = normalize_keypoints(kpts0, height, width)kpts1 = normalize_keypoints(kpts1, height, width)# Keypoint MLP encoder.desc0 = desc0 + self.kenc(kpts0, data_scores0)desc1 = desc1 + self.kenc(kpts1, data_scores1)# Multi-layer Transformer network.desc0, desc1 = self.gnn(desc0, desc1)# Final MLP projection.mdesc0, mdesc1 = self.final_proj(desc0), self.final_proj(desc1)# Compute matching descriptor distance.scores = torch.einsum('bdn,bdm->bnm', mdesc0, mdesc1)scores = scores / self.config['descriptor_dim']**.5# Run the optimal transport.scores = log_optimal_transport(scores, self.bin_score,iters=self.config['sinkhorn_iterations'])# Get the matches with score above "match_threshold".max0, max1 = scores[:, :-1, :-1].max(2), scores[:, :-1, :-1].max(1)indices0, indices1 = max0.indices, max1.indicesmutual0 = arange_like(indices0, 1)[None] == indices1.gather(1, indices0)mutual1 = arange_like(indices1, 1)[None] == indices0.gather(1, indices1)zero = scores.new_tensor(0)mscores0 = torch.where(mutual0, max0.values.exp(), zero)mscores1 = torch.where(mutual1, mscores0.gather(1, indices1), zero)valid0 = mutual0 & (mscores0 > self.config['match_threshold'])valid1 = mutual1 & valid0.gather(1, indices1)indices0 = torch.where(valid0, indices0, indices0.new_tensor(-1))indices1 = torch.where(valid1, indices1, indices1.new_tensor(-1))# return {#     'matches0': indices0, # use -1 for invalid match#     'matches1': indices1, # use -1 for invalid match#     'matching_scores0': mscores0,#     'matching_scores1': mscores1,# }return indices0,  indices1,  mscores0,  mscores1

1.3 集成调用

在进行图像配准时，使用superpoint模型和superglue模型的数据处理流程都是固定，为简化代码，故此将其封装为一个模型，代码保存为SPSP.py。

import torch
from superglue import SuperGlue
from superpoint import SuperPoint
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class SPSG(nn.Module):#def __init__(self):super(SPSG, self).__init__()self.sp_model = SuperPoint({'max_keypoints':700})self.sg_model = SuperGlue({'weights': 'outdoor'})def forward(self,x1,x2):keypoints1,scores1,descriptors1=self.sp_model(x1)keypoints2,scores2,descriptors2=self.sp_model(x2)#print(scores1.shape,keypoints1.shape,descriptors1.shape)#example=(descriptors1.unsqueeze(0),descriptors2.unsqueeze(0),keypoints1.unsqueeze(0),keypoints2.unsqueeze(0),scores1.unsqueeze(0),scores2.unsqueeze(0))example=(descriptors1,descriptors2,keypoints1,keypoints2,scores1,scores2)indices0,  indices1,  mscores0,  mscores1=self.sg_model(*example)#return indices0,  indices1,  mscores0,  mscores1matches = indices0[0]valid = torch.nonzero(matches > -1).squeeze().detach()mkpts0 = keypoints1[0].index_select(0, valid);mkpts1 = keypoints2[0].index_select(0, matches.index_select(0, valid));confidence = mscores0[0].index_select(0, valid);return mkpts0, mkpts1, confidence

1.4 图像处理库

进行图像读取、图像显示操作的代码被封装为imgutils库，具体可以查阅

2、实现图像配准

2.1 获取匹配点

通过以下步骤，即可获取两个图像的特征点，及特征点匹配度（这里读取的tensor2a.shape为1,1,640,640【即为灰度图】，而img2a.shape为640,640,3【即为彩色图】）

from imgutils import *
import torch
from SPSG import SPSG
model=SPSG()#.to('cuda')
tensor2a,img2a=read_img_as_tensor("b1.jpg",(640,640),device='cpu')
tensor2b,img2b=read_img_as_tensor("b4.jpg",(640,640),device='cpu')
mkpts0, mkpts1, confidence=model(tensor2a,tensor2b)
myimshows( [img2a,img2b],size=12)

其中read_img_as_tensor函数的实现可以查看：
代码执行输出如下所示：

2.2 匹配点绘图

以下代码可以将两个图像中匹配度高于阈值的点进行绘制连接

import cv2 as cv
pt_num = mkpts0.shape[0]
im_dst,im_res=img2a,img2b
img = np.zeros((max(im_dst.shape[0], im_res.shape[0]), im_dst.shape[1]+im_res.shape[1]+10,3))
img[:,:im_res.shape[0],]=im_dst
img[:,-im_res.shape[0]:]=im_res
img=img.astype(np.uint8)
match_threshold=0.6
for i in range(0, pt_num):if (confidence[i] > match_threshold):pt0 = mkpts0[i].to('cpu').numpy().astype(np.int)pt1 = mkpts1[i].to('cpu').numpy().astype(np.int)#cv.circle(img, (pt0[0], pt0[1]), 1, (0, 0, 255), 2)#cv.circle(img, (pt1[0], pt1[1]+650), (0, 0, 255), 2)cv.line(img, pt0, (pt1[0]+im_res.shape[0], pt1[1]), (0, 255, 0), 1)
myimshow( img,size=12)

2.3 截取重叠区

先调用getGoodMatchPoint函数根据阈值筛选匹配度高的特征点，然后计算和透视变化矩阵H，最后提取重叠区域

import cv2
def getGoodMatchPoint(mkpts0, mkpts1, confidence,  match_threshold:float=0.5):n = min(mkpts0.size(0), mkpts1.size(0))srcImage1_matchedKPs, srcImage2_matchedKPs=[],[]if (match_threshold > 1 or match_threshold < 0):print("match_threshold error!")for i in range(n):kp0 = mkpts0[i]kp1 = mkpts1[i]pt0=(kp0[0].item(),kp0[1].item());pt1=(kp1[0].item(),kp1[1].item());c = confidence[i].item();if (c > match_threshold):srcImage1_matchedKPs.append(pt0);srcImage2_matchedKPs.append(pt1);return np.array(srcImage1_matchedKPs),np.array(srcImage2_matchedKPs)
pts_src, pts_dst=getGoodMatchPoint(mkpts0, mkpts1, confidence)h1, status = cv2.findHomography(pts_src, pts_dst, cv.RANSAC, 8)
im_out1 = cv2.warpPerspective(im_dst, h1, (im_dst.shape[1],im_dst.shape[0]))
im_out2 = cv2.warpPerspective(im_res, h1, (im_dst.shape[1],im_dst.shape[0]),16)
#这里 im_res和im_out1是严格配准的状态
myimshowsCL([im_dst,im_out1,im_res,im_out2],rows=2,cols=2, size=6)

2.4 模型导出

使用以下代码即可实现模型导出

input_names = ["input1","input2"]
output_names = ['mkpts0', 'mkpts1', 'confidence']
dummy_input=(tensor2a,tensor2b)
example_outputs=model(tensor2a,tensor2b)
ONNX_name="model.onnx"
torch.onnx.export(model.eval(), dummy_input, ONNX_name, verbose=True, input_names=input_names,opset_version=16,dynamic_axes={'confidence': {0: 'point_num',},'mkpts0': {0: 'batch_size',},'mkpts1': {0: 'batch_size',}},output_names=output_names)#,example_outputs=example_outputs

3、单独使用superpoint

可以单独使用SuperPoint模型提取图像的特征点

from imgutils import *
import torch
from superpoint import SuperPoint
import cv2config={'max_keypoints': 400,'keypoint_threshold':0.1}
sp_model=SuperPoint(config).to('cuda')
sp_model=sp_model.eval()tensor2a,img2a=read_img_as_tensor(r"D:\SuperGluePretrainedNetwork-master\assets\freiburg_sequence\1341847986.762616.png",(640,640),device='cuda')
tensor2b,img2b=read_img_as_tensor(r"D:\SuperGluePretrainedNetwork-master\assets\freiburg_sequence\1341847987.758741.png",(640,640),device='cuda')keypoints1,scores1,descriptors1=sp_model(tensor2a)
keypoints2,scores2,descriptors2=sp_model(tensor2b)yanse=(0,0,255)
points=keypoints1[0].int().cpu().numpy()
for i in range(len(points)):X,Y=points[i]cv2.circle(img2a,(X,Y),3,yanse,2)points=keypoints2[0].int().cpu().numpy()
for i in range(len(points)):X,Y=points[i]cv2.circle(img2b,(X,Y),3,yanse,2)
myimshows([img2a,img2b])