linux创建托管磁盘,选择 Azure IaaS VM 的磁盘类型

编程入门行业动态更新时间:2024-10-12 05:55:39

linux创建托管<a href=https://www.elefans.com/category/jswz/34/1767753.html style= 磁盘,选择 Azure IaaS VM 的磁盘类型"/>

linux创建托管磁盘,选择 Azure IaaS VM 的磁盘类型

Azure 有哪些可用的磁盘类型？What disk types are available in Azure?

01/04/2021

本文内容

Azure 托管磁盘目前提供三种磁盘类型，每种类型都针对特定的客户方案。Azure managed disks currently offers three disk types, each type is aimed towards specific customer scenarios.

磁盘比较Disk comparison

下表对托管磁盘的高级固态硬盘 (SSD)、标准 SSD 和标准硬盘驱动器 (HDD) 进行了比较，方便你确定使用哪一种。The following table provides a comparison of premium solid-state-drives (SSD), standard SSD, and standard hard disk drives (HDD) for managed disks to help you decide what to use.

详细信息Detail

高级 SSDPremium SSD

标准 SSDStandard SSD

标准 HDDStandard HDD

磁盘类型Disk type

SSDSSD

HDDHDD

方案Scenario

生产和性能敏感型工作负荷Production and performance sensitive workloads

Web 服务器、不常使用的企业应用程序和开发/测试Web servers, lightly used enterprise applications and dev/test

备份、非关键、不常访问Backup, non-critical, infrequent access

最大磁盘大小Max disk size

32,767 GiB32,767 GiB

最大吞吐量Max throughput

900 MB/秒900 MB/s

750 MB/秒750 MB/s

500 MB/秒500 MB/s

最大 IOPSMax IOPS

20,00020,000

6,0006,000

2,0002,000

高级·SSDPremium SSD

Azure 高级 SSD 为运行输入/输出 (IO) 密集型工作负荷的虚拟机 (VM) 提供高性能、低延迟的磁盘支持。Azure premium SSDs deliver high-performance and low-latency disk support for virtual machines (VMs) with input/output (IO)-intensive workloads. 若要利用高级存储磁盘的速度和性能优势，可将现有的 VM 磁盘迁移到高级 SSD。To take advantage of the speed and performance of premium storage disks, you can migrate existing VM disks to Premium SSDs. 高级 SSD 适用于任务关键型生产应用程序。Premium SSDs are suitable for mission-critical production applications. 高级 SSD 只能用于与高级存储兼容的 VM 系列。Premium SSDs can only be used with VM series that are premium storage-compatible.

若要详细了解 Azure 中适用于 Windows 或 Linux 的各个 VM 类型和大小(包括哪些大小与高级存储兼容)，请参阅 Azure 中虚拟机的大小。To learn more about individual VM types and sizes in Azure for Windows or Linux, including which sizes are premium storage-compatible, see Sizes for virtual machines in Azure. 在本文中，需要检查每个 VM 大小的文章，以确定其是否与高级存储兼容。From this article, you need to check each individual VM size article to determine if it is premium storage-compatible.

磁盘大小Disk size

高级 SSD 大小Premium SSD sizes

P1P1

P2P2

P3P3

P4P4

P6P6

P10P10

P15P15

P20P20

P30P30

P40P40

P50P50

P60P60

P70P70

P80P80

磁盘大小 (GiB)Disk size in GiB

1616

3232

6464

128128

256256

512512

1,0241,024

2,0482,048

4,0964,096

8,1928,192

16,38416,384

32,76732,767

每个磁盘预配的 IOPSProvisioned IOPS per disk

120120

240240

500500

1,1001,100

2,3002,300

5,0005,000

7,5007,500

16,00016,000

18,00018,000

20,00020,000

每个磁盘预配的吞吐量Provisioned Throughput per disk

25 MB/秒25 MB/sec

50 MB/秒50 MB/sec

100 MB/秒100 MB/sec

125 MB/秒125 MB/sec

150 MB/秒150 MB/sec

200 MB/秒200 MB/sec

250 MB/秒250 MB/sec

500 MB/秒500 MB/sec

750 MB/秒750 MB/sec

900 MB/秒900 MB/sec

每个磁盘最大的突发 IOPSMax burst IOPS per disk

3,5003,500

每个磁盘最大的突发吞吐量Max burst throughput per disk

170 MB/秒170 MB/sec

最大突发持续时间Max burst duration

30 分钟30 min

符合预留条件Eligible for reservation

否No

是，最多一年Yes, up to one year

预配高级存储磁盘时，可以获得该磁盘的容量、IOPS 和吞吐量保证，这与标准存储不同。When you provision a premium storage disk, unlike standard storage, you are guaranteed the capacity, IOPS, and throughput of that disk. 例如，如果创建 P50 磁盘，Azure 将为此磁盘预配 4,095-GB 存储容量、7,500 IOPS 和 250-MB/秒的吞吐量。For example, if you create a P50 disk, Azure provisions 4,095-GB storage capacity, 7,500 IOPS, and 250-MB/s throughput for that disk. 应用程序可以使用全部或部分容量与性能。Your application can use all or part of the capacity and performance. 高级 SSD 磁盘的设计目的是在 99.9% 的时间内提供较低的个位数毫秒延迟以及上表所述的目标 IOPS 和吞吐量。Premium SSD disks are designed to provide low single-digit millisecond latencies and target IOPS and throughput described in the preceding table 99.9% of the time.

突发Bursting

比 P30 容量小的高级 SSD 大小现在提供磁盘突发，可将每个磁盘的 IOPS 突发到 3500，并将其带宽提高到 170 MB/秒。Premium SSD sizes smaller than P30 now offer disk bursting and can burst their IOPS per disk up to 3,500 and their bandwidth up to 170 MB/s. 突发是自动进行的，根据额度系统运行。Bursting is automated and operates based on a credit system. 当磁盘流量低于预配的性能目标时，信用会自动累计，而当流量超出目标值时，将自动消耗信用，直到达到最大突发限制。Credits are automatically accumulated in a burst bucket when disk traffic is below the provisioned performance target and credits are automatically consumed when traffic bursts beyond the target, up to the max burst limit. 最大突发限制定义了磁盘 IOPS 和宽带的上限，即使有可供使用的突发积分，也不能超过此上限。The max burst limit defines the ceiling of disk IOPS & Bandwidth even if you have burst credits to consume from. 磁盘突发能更好地容许 IO 模式出现不可预测的变化情况。Disk bursting provides better tolerance on unpredictable changes of IO patterns. 可以最大程度地利用磁盘突发来应对 OS 磁盘启动时和应用程序的流量高峰。You can best leverage it for OS disk boot and applications with spiky traffic.

默认在磁盘大小适用情况下的新磁盘部署上启用磁盘突发支持，无需用户执行任何操作。Disks bursting support will be enabled on new deployments of applicable disk sizes by default, with no user action required. 对于大小适用的现有磁盘，可以使用以下两个选项中的任一选项启用突发：分离并重新附加磁盘，或停止并重新启动连接的 VM。For existing disks of the applicable sizes, you can enable bursting with either of two the options: detach and reattach the disk or stop and restart the attached VM. 将磁盘附加到支持最大持续时间(峰值突发限制为 30 分钟)的虚拟机后，所有支持突发的磁盘大小最初会获得一个完整的突发积分桶。All burst applicable disk sizes will start with a full burst credit bucket when the disk is attached to a Virtual Machine that supports a max duration at peak burst limit of 30 mins. 若要详细了解突发在 Azure 磁盘上的工作原理，请参阅高级 SSD 突发。To learn more about how bursting work on Azure Disks, see Premium SSD bursting.

事务Transactions

对于高级 SSD，每个小于或等于 256 KiB 吞吐量的 I/O 操作被视为单个 I/O 操作。For premium SSDs, each I/O operation less than or equal to 256 KiB of throughput is considered a single I/O operation. 大于 256 KiB 吞吐量的 I/O 操作被视为大小为 256 KiB 的多个 I/O。I/O operations larger than 256 KiB of throughput are considered multiple I/Os of size 256 KiB.

标准 SSDStandard SSD

Azure 标准 SSD 是经济高效的存储选项，已针对需要一致性能和较低 IOPS 级别的工作负荷进行优化。Azure standard SSDs are a cost-effective storage option optimized for workloads that need consistent performance at lower IOPS levels. 对于想要迁移到云的用户而言，标准 SSD 提供良好的入门级体验，尤其是在本地 HDD 解决方案中运行各种工作负荷遇到问题时。Standard SSD offers a good entry level experience for those who wish to move to the cloud, especially if you experience issues with the variance of workloads running on your HDD solutions on premises. 与标准 HDD 相比，标准 SSD 提供更好的可用性、一致性、可靠性和延迟。Compared to standard HDDs, standard SSDs deliver better availability, consistency, reliability, and latency. 标准 SSD 适用于 Web 服务器、低 IOPS 应用程序服务器、较少使用的企业应用程序和开发/测试工作负荷。Standard SSDs are suitable for Web servers, low IOPS application servers, lightly used enterprise applications, and Dev/Test workloads. 与标准 HDD 一样，标准 SSD 也可以在所有 Azure VM 上使用。Like standard HDDs, standard SSDs are available on all Azure VMs.

磁盘大小Disk size

标准 SSD 大小Standard SSD sizes

E1E1

E2E2

E3E3

E4E4

E6E6

E10E10

E15E15

E20E20

E30E30

E40E40

E50E50

E60E60

E70E70

E80E80

磁盘大小 (GiB)Disk size in GiB

1616

3232

6464

128128

256256

512512

1,0241,024

2,0482,048

4,0964,096

8,1928,192

16,38416,384

32,76732,767

每个磁盘的 IOPSIOPS per disk

最多 500Up to 500

最多 2,000Up to 2,000

最大 4,000Up to 4,000

最大 6,000Up to 6,000

每个磁盘的吞吐量Throughput per disk

最多 60 MB/秒Up to 60 MB/sec

最多 400 MB/秒Up to 400 MB/sec

最多 600 MB/秒Up to 600 MB/sec

最多 750 MB/秒Up to 750 MB/sec

标准 SSD 的设计目的是在 99% 的时间内提供个位数毫秒延迟，以及不超过上表中所述限制的 IOPS 和吞吐量。Standard SSDs are designed to provide single-digit millisecond latencies and the IOPS and throughput up to the limits described in the preceding table 99% of the time. 实际 IOPS 和吞吐量有时根据流量模式而异。Actual IOPS and throughput may vary sometimes depending on the traffic patterns. 相比 HDD 磁盘，标准 SSD 提供更加一致的性能，并且延迟更低。Standard SSDs will provide more consistent performance than the HDD disks with the lower latency.

事务Transactions

对于标准 SSD，每个小于或等于 256 KiB 吞吐量的 I/O 操作被视为单个 I/O 操作。For standard SSDs, each I/O operation less than or equal to 256 KiB of throughput is considered a single I/O operation. 大于 256 KiB 吞吐量的 I/O 操作被视为大小为 256 KiB 的多个 I/O。I/O operations larger than 256 KiB of throughput are considered multiple I/Os of size 256 KiB. 这些事务对计费有影响。These transactions have a billing impact.

标准 HDDStandard HDD

Azure 标准 HDD 为运行不区分延迟的工作负荷提供可靠、低成本的磁盘支持。Azure standard HDDs deliver reliable, low-cost disk support for VMs running latency-insensitive workloads. 使用标准存储，将数据存储在硬盘驱动器 (HDD)。With standard storage, the data is stored on hard disk drives (HDDs). 与基于 SSD 的磁盘相比，标准 HDD 磁盘的延迟、IOPS 和吞吐量可能变化更大。Latency, IOPS, and Throughput of Standard HDD disks may vary more widely as compared to SSD-based disks. 标准 HDD 磁盘旨在为大多数 IO 操作提供低于 10 毫秒的写入延迟和低于 20 毫秒的读取延迟，但是实际性能可能会因 IO 大小和工作负荷模式而异。Standard HDD Disks are designed to deliver write latencies under 10ms and read latencies under 20ms for most IO operations, however the actual performance may vary depending on the IO size and workload pattern. 使用 VM 时，可将标准 HDD 磁盘用于开发/测试方案和不太重要的工作负荷。When working with VMs, you can use standard HDD disks for dev/test scenarios and less critical workloads. 标准 HDD 可在所有 Azure 区域中使用，并可与所有 Azure VM 一起使用。Standard HDDs are available in all Azure regions and can be used with all Azure VMs.

磁盘大小Disk size

标准磁盘类型Standard Disk Type

S4S4

S6S6

S10S10

S15S15

S20S20

S30S30

S40S40

S50S50

S60S60

S70S70

S80S80

磁盘大小 (GiB)Disk size in GiB

3232

6464

128128

256256

512512

1,0241,024

2,0482,048

4,0964,096

8,1928,192

16,38416,384

32,76732,767

每个磁盘的 IOPSIOPS per disk

最多 500Up to 500

最多 1,300Up to 1,300

最多 2,000Up to 2,000

每个磁盘的吞吐量Throughput per disk

最多 60 MB/秒Up to 60 MB/sec

最多 300 MB/秒Up to 300 MB/sec

最多 500 MB/秒Up to 500 MB/sec

事务Transactions

对于标准 HDD，每个 IO 操作会被视为单个事务，无论 I/O 大小如何。For Standard HDDs, each IO operation is considered as a single transaction, regardless of the I/O size. 这些事务对计费有影响。These transactions have a billing impact.

计费Billing

使用托管磁盘时，将考虑以下计费事项：When using managed disks, the following billing considerations apply:

磁盘类型Disk type

托管磁盘大小managed disk Size

快照Snapshots

出站数据传输Outbound data transfers

事务数Number of transactions

托管磁盘大小：托管磁盘按预配大小计费。Managed disk size: managed disks are billed on the provisioned size. Azure 将预配大小映射(向上舍入)到所提供的最接近的磁盘大小。Azure maps the provisioned size (rounded up) to the nearest offered disk size. 有关所提供的磁盘大小的详细信息，请参阅前面的表。For details of the disk sizes offered, see the previous tables. 每个磁盘将映射到一种受支持的预配磁盘大小套餐并相应地计费。Each disk maps to a supported provisioned disk size offering and is billed accordingly. 例如，如果预配了 200 GiB 的标准 SSD，它会映射到 E15 的磁盘大小 (256 GiB)。For example, if you provisioned a 200 GiB Standard SSD, it maps to the disk size offer of E15 (256 GiB). 任何预配的磁盘根据每月的存储优惠价格按小时计费。Billing for any provisioned disk is prorated hourly by using the monthly price for the storage offering. 例如，如果在预配 E10 磁盘的 20 小时后删除它，则会以 20 小时计算 E10 产品/服务的费用。For example, if you provisioned an E10 disk and deleted it after 20 hours, you're billed for the E10 offering prorated to 20 hours. 这与写入磁盘的实际数据量无关。This is regardless of the amount of actual data written to the disk.

快照：基于已使用大小对快照计费。Snapshots: Snapshots are billed based on the size used. 例如，如果创建预配容量为 64 GiB 且实际使用数据大小为 10 GiB 的托管磁盘的快照，则仅针对已用数据大小 10 GiB 对该快照计费。For example, if you create a snapshot of a managed disk with provisioned capacity of 64 GiB and actual used data size of 10 GiB, the snapshot is billed only for the used data size of 10 GiB.

有关快照的详细信息，请参阅托管磁盘概述中有关快照的部分。For more information on snapshots, see the section on snapshots in the managed disk overview.

出站数据传输：出站数据传输(Azure 数据中心送出的数据)会产生带宽使用费。Outbound data transfers: Outbound data transfers (data going out of Azure data centers) incur billing for bandwidth usage.

事务：会根据你对标准托管磁盘执行的事务数向你收费。Transactions: You're billed for the number of transactions that you perform on a standard managed disk. 对于标准 SSD，每个小于或等于 256 KiB 吞吐量的 I/O 操作被视为单个 I/O 操作。For standard SSDs, each I/O operation less than or equal to 256 KiB of throughput is considered a single I/O operation. 大于 256 KiB 吞吐量的 I/O 操作被视为大小为 256 KiB 的多个 I/O。I/O operations larger than 256 KiB of throughput are considered multiple I/Os of size 256 KiB. 对于标准 HDD，每个 IO 操作会被视为单个事务，无论 I/O 大小如何。For Standard HDDs, each IO operation is considered as a single transaction, regardless of the I/O size.

有关托管磁盘定价的详细信息(包括事务成本)，请参阅托管磁盘定价。For detailed information on pricing for Managed Disks, including transaction costs, see Managed Disks Pricing.

后续步骤Next steps

请参阅托管磁盘定价以开始使用。

更多推荐

linux创建托管磁盘,选择 Azure IaaS VM 的磁盘类型

本文发布于:2024-03-23 16:18:59，感谢您对本站的认可！

本文链接:https://www.elefans.com/category/jswz/34/1740229.html