荆州python培训,学习Python的第三天

荆州python培训,学习Python的第三天"/>

荆州python培训,学习Python的第三天

1.读取小说内容

with open('./novel/threekingdom.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:

words = f.read()

counts = {} # {‘曹操’:234，‘回寨’:56}

excludes = {"将军", "却说", "丞相", "二人", "不可", "荆州", "不能", "如此", "商议",

"如何", "主公", "军士", "军马", "左右", "次日", "引兵", "大喜", "天下",

"东吴", "于是", "今日", "不敢", "魏兵", "陛下", "都督", "人马", "不知",

"孔明曰","玄德曰","刘备","云长"}

2. 分词

words_list = jieba.lcut(words)

print(words_list)

for word in words_list:

if len(word) <= 1:

continue

else:

更新字典中的值

counts[word] = 取出字典中原来键对应的值 + 1

counts[word] = counts[word] + 1 # counts[word]如果没有就要报错

字典。get(k) 如果字典中没有这个键 返回 NONE

counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) + 1

print(len(counts))

3. 词语过滤,删除无关词，重复词

counts['孔明'] = counts['孔明'] + counts['孔明曰']

counts['玄德'] = counts['玄德'] + counts['玄德曰'] +counts['刘备']

counts['关公'] = counts['关公'] +counts['云长']

for word in excludes:

del counts[word]

4.排序 [(), ()]

items = list(counts.items())

print(items)

def sort_by_count(x):

return x[1]

items.sort(key=sort_by_count, reverse=True)

li = [] # ['孔明'， 孔明， 孔明，孔明...., '曹操'。。。。。]

for i in range(10):

序列解包

role, count = items[i]

print(role, count)

_ 是告诉看代码的人，循环里面不需要使用临时变量

for _ in range(count):

li.append(role)

5得出结论

text = ' '.join(li)

WordCloud(

font_path='msyh.ttc',

background_color='white',

width=800,

height=600,

相邻两个重复词之间的匹配

collocations=False

).generate(text).to_file('TOP10.png')

匿名函数

结构

lambda x1, x2....xn: 表达式

sum_num = lambda x1, x2: x1+x2

print(sum_num(2, 3))

参数可以是无限多个，但是表达式只有一个

name_info_list = [

('张三',4500),

('李四',9900),

('王五',2000),

('赵六',5500),

]

name_info_list.sort(key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True)

print(name_info_list)

stu_info = [

{"name":'zhangsan', "age":18},

{"name":'lisi', "age":30},

{"name":'wangwu', "age":99},

{"name":'tiaqi', "age":3},

]

stu_info.sort(key=lambda i:i['age'])

print(stu_info)

列表推导式，列表解析个字典解析

之前我们使用普通for 创建列表

li = []

for i in range(10):

li.append(i)

print(li)

使用列表推导式

[表达式 for 临时变量 in 可迭代对象 可以追加条件]

print([i for i in range(10)])

列表解析

筛选出列表中所有的偶数

li = []

for i in range(10):

if i%2 == 0:

li.append(i)

print(li)

使用列表解析

print([i for i in range(10) if i%2 == 0])

筛选出列表中 大于0 的数

from random import randint

num_list = [randint(-10, 10) for _ in range(10)]

print(num_list)

print([i for i in num_list if i>0])

字典解析

生成100个学生的成绩

stu_grades = {'student{}'.format(i):randint(50, 100) for i in range(1, 101)}

print(stu_grades)

筛选大于 60分的所有学生

print({k: v for k, v in stu_grades.items() if v >60})

导入

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ['SimHei']

plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

import numpy as np

# 使用100个点 绘制 [0 , 2π]正弦曲线图

#.linspace 左闭右闭区间的等差数列

x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, num=100)

print(x)

y = np.sin(x)

正弦和余弦在同一坐标系下

cosy = np.cos(x)

plt.plot(x, y, color='g', linestyle='--',label='sin(x)')

plt.plot(x, cosy, color='r',label='cos(x)')

plt.xlabel('时间(s)')

plt.ylabel('电压(V)')

plt.title('欢迎来到python世界')

# 图例

plt.legend()

plt.show()

柱状图

import string

from random import randint

print(string.ascii_uppercase[0:6])

['A', 'B', 'C'...]

x = ['口红{}'.format(x) for x in string.ascii_uppercase[:5] ]

y = [randint(200, 500) for _ in range(5)]

print(x)

print(y)

plt.xlabel('口红品牌')

plt.ylabel('价格(元)')

plt.bar(x, y)

plt.show()

饼图

from random import randint

import string

counts = [randint(3500, 9000) for _ in range(6)]

labels = ['员工{}'.format(x) for x in string.ascii_lowercase[:6] ]

# 距离圆心点距离

explode = [0.1,0,0, 0, 0,0]

colors = ['red', 'purple','blue', 'yellow','gray','green']

plt.pie(counts,explode = explode,shadow=True, labels=labels, autopct = '%1.1f%%',colors=colors)

plt.legend(loc=2)

plt.axis('equal')

plt.show()

散点图

均值为 0 标准差为1 的正太分布数据

x = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)

y = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)

plt.scatter(x, y)

plt.show()

x = np.random.normal(0, 1, 1000000)

y = np.random.normal(0, 1, 1000000)

alpha透明度

plt.scatter(x, y, alpha=0.1)

plt.show()