蓝牙开发(服务器端)"/>
Android Ble蓝牙开发(服务器端)
最近项目里面需要集成一个蓝牙的连接功能,作为一枚刚刚毕业不久的新生,大学几年又白过的。只好在几天内搜搜百度,脑补一下。文章部分内容摘至各大Blog,加上本dust的见解,写了一份Client端和Service端的小呆毛。
这次的是Server端的实现
参考链接–Link:.html
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上次聊过Gatt协议,以及几个API的使用并实现了Client端的代码。这次实现的是Server端,不叨叨,show me the code
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一、Server端概念了解
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之前说了Client端,这次Server端,Server端的实现比较简单。只是多了一个类似广播的东西,叫BluetoothLeAdvertiser,翻译广告…我还是用广播感觉合适点。Server端需要发射出广播,同时Server会暴露一个数据包出去。当Client开始扫描,Client扫描到Server端的数据包之后,就会请求连接。Server就做出反应,然后连接,开始传输数据。
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二、API分析
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当前使用到的类包括:
BluetoothManager
BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothService
BluetoothGattCharacteristic
BluetoothServer
BluetoothAdvertiser
AdvertiseSetting
AdvertiseData
BluetoothGattServerCallback
BluetoothManager,BluetoothService,BluetoothAdapter,BluetoothGattCharacteristic之前都说过了,可能需要补充的是BluetoothManager的一个API。
BluetoothManager.openGattServer
其他的,忘了的童鞋可以参考上一章 Android Ble蓝牙开发(客户端)
那么我就说下下面四个新的API
BluetoothServer
我也想不到,Android是直接给出这样的一个Server的API可以供我们操作。这里的Server大家需要和Service区分,一个是服务器端,一个是Service服务。类似Android系统提供出形形色色的那些服务。
这里的猜测IPC其实是Application与蓝牙件程序的通信。我也没作深究了
BluetoothAdvertiser
服务器广播,用于开启服务器广播以供Client端扫描发现
AdvertiseSetting
这个类的创建需要用到Builder,其作用是设置Advertiser属性的,例如广播的Mode,连接时间,连接可用等等。
AdvertiseData
这个类的作用就是配置广播的数据的,例如设置服务的UUID,传输的等级TxPowerLevel,还有设置设备名是否包含在传输数据里面。
BluetoothGattServerCallback
这个接口里面实现的几个方法比较关键,里面有连接状态的回调,Client离服务器的距离RSSI,收到characteristic操作的请求回调,还有descriptor操作的请求回调等等。最关键的地方就是,我们收到了关于Characteristic和descriptor的操作请求的时候,都必须调用 BluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId,int status,int offset,byte[] value)
方法才能完成整个连接过程
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三、代码实现
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实现思路大概如下:
1.设置广播以及初始化广播数据
2.开始广播
3.配置Services以及Characteristic
4.Server回调以及操作
设置广播以及初始化广播数据
/*** 1.初始化BLE蓝牙广播Advertiser,配置指定UUID的服务*/@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)private void initGATTServer() {AdvertiseSettings settings = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder().setConnectable(true).build();AdvertiseData advertiseData = new AdvertiseData.Builder().setIncludeDeviceName(true).setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true).build();//通过UUID_SERVICE构建AdvertiseData scanResponseData = new AdvertiseData.Builder().addServiceUuid(new ParcelUuid(Const.UUID_SERVICE)).setIncludeTxPowerLevel(true).build();//广播创建成功之后的回调AdvertiseCallback callback = new AdvertiseCallback() {@Overridepublic void onStartSuccess(AdvertiseSettings settingsInEffect) {Log.d(TAG, "BLE advertisement added successfully");//showText("1. initGATTServer success");//println("1. initGATTServer success");//初始化服务initServices(BleService.this);}@Overridepublic void onStartFailure(int errorCode) {Log.e(TAG, "Failed to add BLE advertisement, reason: " + errorCode);//showText("1. initGATTServer failure");}};//部分设备不支持Ble中心BluetoothLeAdvertiser bluetoothLeAdvertiser = mBlueToothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();if (bluetoothLeAdvertiser == null) {Log.i(TAG, "BluetoothLeAdvertiser为null");}//开始广播if (bluetoothLeAdvertiser != null) {bluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(settings, advertiseData, scanResponseData, callback);}}
配置Services以及Characteristic
/*** 初始化Gatt服务,主要是配置Gatt服务各种UUID** @param context*/@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)private void initServices(Context context) {//创建GattServer服务器mGattServer = mBluetoothManager.openGattServer(context, bluetoothGattServerCallback);//这个指定的创建指定UUID的服务BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(Const.UUID_SERVICE, BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);//添加指定UUID的可读characteristiccharacteristicRead = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC_READ,BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ,BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ);//添加可读characteristic的descriptorBluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(UUID_DESCRIPTOR, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);characteristicRead.addDescriptor(descriptor);service.addCharacteristic(characteristicRead);//添加指定UUID的可写characteristicBluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristicWrite = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(Const.UUID_CHARACTERISTIC_WRITE,BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE |BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ |BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);service.addCharacteristic(characteristicWrite);mGattServer.addService(service);Log.e(TAG, "2. initServices ok");//showText("2. initServices ok");}
到这里,Server的配置算是完成了。之后就是等待BluetoothGattServerCallback的回调了
Server回调以及操作
/*** 服务事件的回调*/private BluetoothGattServerCallback bluetoothGattServerCallback = new BluetoothGattServerCallback() {/*** 1.连接状态发生变化时* @param device* @param status* @param newState*/@Overridepublic void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onConnectionStateChange:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onConnectionStateChange:status = %s, newState =%s ", status, newState));super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);}@Overridepublic void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {super.onServiceAdded(status, service);Log.e(TAG, String.format("onServiceAdded:status = %s", status));}@Overridepublic void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("onCharacteristicReadRequest:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("onCharacteristicReadRequest:requestId = %s, offset = %s", requestId, offset));mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());
// super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);}/*** 3. onCharacteristicWriteRequest,接收具体的字节* @param device* @param requestId* @param characteristic* @param preparedWrite* @param responseNeeded* @param offset* @param requestBytes*/@Overridepublic void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] requestBytes) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("3.onCharacteristicWriteRequest:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("3.onCharacteristicWriteRequest:requestId = %s, preparedWrite=%s, responseNeeded=%s, offset=%s, value=%s", requestId, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, requestBytes.toString()));mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, requestBytes);//4.处理响应内容onResponseToClient(requestBytes, device, requestId, characteristic);}/*** 2.描述被写入时,在这里执行 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS... 收,触发 onCharacteristicWriteRequest* @param device* @param requestId* @param descriptor* @param preparedWrite* @param responseNeeded* @param offset* @param value*/@Overridepublic void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("2.onDescriptorWriteRequest:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("2.onDescriptorWriteRequest:requestId = %s, preparedWrite = %s, responseNeeded = %s, offset = %s, value = %s,", requestId, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value.toString()));// now tell the connected device that this was all successfullmGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);}/*** 5.特征被读取。当回复响应成功后,客户端会读取然后触发本方法* @param device* @param requestId* @param offset* @param descriptor*/@Overridepublic void onDescriptorReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("onDescriptorReadRequest:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("onDescriptorReadRequest:requestId = %s", requestId));
// super.onDescriptorReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, descriptor);mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);}@Overridepublic void onNotificationSent(BluetoothDevice device, int status) {super.onNotificationSent(device, status);Log.e(TAG, String.format("5.onNotificationSent:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("5.onNotificationSent:status = %s", status));}@Overridepublic void onMtuChanged(BluetoothDevice device, int mtu) {super.onMtuChanged(device, mtu);Log.e(TAG, String.format("onMtuChanged:mtu = %s", mtu));}@Overridepublic void onExecuteWrite(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, boolean execute) {super.onExecuteWrite(device, requestId, execute);Log.e(TAG, String.format("onExecuteWrite:requestId = %s", requestId));}};/*** 4.处理响应内容** @param reqeustBytes* @param device* @param requestId* @param characteristic*/private void onResponseToClient(byte[] reqeustBytes, BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("4.onResponseToClient:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("4.onResponseToClient:requestId = %s", requestId));
// String msg = OutputStringUtil.transferForPrint(reqeustBytes);Log.e(TAG, "4.收到:");//println("4.收到:" + msg);//showText("4.收到:" + msg);String str = new String(reqeustBytes) + " hello>";characteristicRead.setValue(str.getBytes());mGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(device, characteristicRead, false);Log.i(TAG, "4.响应:" + str);MainActivity.handler.obtainMessage(MainActivity.DEVICE, new String(reqeustBytes)).sendToTarget();//println("4.响应:" + str);//showText("4.响应:" + str);}
上面代码中需要注意的地方是,当我们收到了Characteristic和Descriptor操作请求后,一定需要调用BluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId,int status,int offset,byte[] value)
方法才能完成整个连接过程。
onResponseToClient
我们在onCharacteristicWriteRequest回调里面对数据进行了提取,然后还需要调用BluetoothGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(device, characteristic, false)
通知Client端Characteristic已经发生了变化。
/*** 4.处理响应内容** @param reqeustBytes* @param device* @param requestId* @param characteristic*/private void onResponseToClient(byte[] reqeustBytes, BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {Log.e(TAG, String.format("4.onResponseToClient:device name = %s, address = %s", device.getName(), device.getAddress()));Log.e(TAG, String.format("4.onResponseToClient:requestId = %s", requestId));//String msg = OutputStringUtil.transferForPrint(reqeustBytes);Log.e(TAG, "4.收到:");//println("4.收到:" + msg);//showText("4.收到:" + msg);String str = new String(reqeustBytes) + " hello>";/* characteristicRead.setValue(str.getBytes());mGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(device, characteristicRead, false);*/characteristic.setValue(str.getBytes());mGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(device, characteristic, false);Log.i(TAG, "4.响应:" + str);MainActivity.handler.obtainMessage(MainActivity.DEVICE, new String(reqeustBytes)).sendToTarget();//println("4.响应:" + str);//showText("4.响应:" + str);}
到上面为止,BLE两demo已经完成了,不过服务器端的Manifest也需要配置,和BleClient一样就好了。同时注意操作最好都放到Service中完成。下面放个源码,希望大家多多支持吧~
源码下载
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Android Ble蓝牙开发(服务器端)
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