非线性opo

非线性opo

• The orientation of the electric dipole in a unit cell is dependent on the positions of the niobium and lithium ions in that unit cell. • • The application of an intense electric field can invert the crystal structure within a unit cell and as a result flip the orientation of the electric dipole. • • The electric field needed to invert the crystal is very large (~22kV/mm) and is applied for only a few milliseconds, after which the inverted sections of the crystal are permanently imprinted into the crystal structure.