Python 爬虫学习笔记（四）urllib POST请求+获取百度翻译案例

编程入门行业动态更新时间:2024-10-06 16:26:16

Python <a href=https://www.elefans.com/category/jswz/34/1770264.html style= 爬虫学习笔记（四）urllib POST请求+获取百度翻译案例"/>

Python 爬虫学习笔记（四）urllib POST请求+获取百度翻译案例

一、POST请求

以百度翻译为例，打开F12，选择All。在输入单词spider的同时会加载出来许多接口，难点之一，我们要找到我们需要的接口。我们需要找的是sug接口，找到最后一个sug接口（因为我们是一个字母一个字母输入的，所以有多个sug），复制它的url。

在这个sug接口的preview中确实有我们需要的翻译信息，证明这就是我们需要的接口。在payload中能获取最重要的参数，这里的kw也就是我们需要翻译的内容。

urllib的post请求和之前的get请求有一些区别

post请求的参数必须要进行编码( encode() )，不能是简单的str类型
post请求的参数需要作为参数(data=)放在定制的请求对象中，不能简单的进行url拼接

完整代码：

import urllib.request
import urllib.parseurl = ''headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) ""Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36 "
}data = {'kw': 'spider'
}data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)res = urllib.request.urlopen(request)content = res.read().decode('utf-8')print(content)

打印结果是一个字符串类型，里面有许多看不懂的内容。观察能看出这其实是一个字典（老师这里说是json）类型，所以需要反序列化才能看懂。Python 序列化和反序列化

最终代码和结果：

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import jsonurl = ''headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) ""Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36 "
}data = {'kw': 'spider'
}data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)res = urllib.request.urlopen(request)content = res.read().decode('utf-8')
content = json.loads(content)print(content)

二、POST请求进阶案例

还是刚才spider的翻译，这次是获取详细翻译

详细翻译的接口在v2transapi的接口中，第一次找需要花费一段时间。。也是要找最后一个v2transapi

还是要从payload中的Form Data获取关键参数

同样地代码，结果会显示‘未知错误’，如图

是因为遭遇了反爬，解决方案是把接口中的headers请求头全都复制过来。 个人建议先把信息仅复制文本到word中再复制到pycharm中，否则很难调整格式。。或者使用视频中老师推荐的EditPlus来调整格式。

完整代码如下：

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import jsonurl = '=sk&to=zh'headers = {'Accept': '*/*',# 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br','Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8','Connection': 'keep-alive','Content-Length': '136','Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8','Cookie': 'REALTIME_TRANS_SWITCH=1; FANYI_WORD_SWITCH=1; SOUND_SPD_SWITCH=1; HISTORY_SWITCH=1; SOUND_PREFER_SWITCH=1; PSTM=1593501691; BIDUPSID=A47F83355A98D20934011896B3A00A8E; __yjs_duid=1_e7408e6ce38b784195407c5e2a62042a1619433997218; BAIDUID=C1B32D9F9EDFEE1FD47D706658A7426E:FG=1; APPGUIDE_10_0_2=1; MCITY=-354%3A; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; BDUSS=y1YOUwwV1ppY0M1ZXozUzlBSXQtMWtETDJaWjY4MGwxckpMd0VyV1R1N0pNa2xpRVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADMioMVY2hhb2ppY2hhbmcAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMmlIWLJpSFib; BDUSS_BFESS=y1YOUwwV1ppY0M1ZXozUzlBSXQtMWtETDJaWjY4MGwxckpMd0VyV1R1N0pNa2xpRVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADMioMVY2hhb2ppY2hhbmcAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMmlIWLJpSFib; H_WISE_SIDS=110085_127969_174434_179345_184716_189755_190624_191068_191371_192383_194085_194512_195343_195467_195785_196426_197242_197711_197956_198270_198418_199022_199466_199571_200150_200993_201191_201545_201577_201701_202042_202058_202283_202545_202759_202822_202847_202894_202911_203075_203197_203267_203309_203361_203517_203525_203605_203885_204129_204132_204155_204200_204406_204437_204675_204823_204859_204918_204941_204947_204954_204973_205009_205087_205218_205234_205382_205413_205554_205690_205831_205856_205883_205958_206096_206284_206343_206515_206729_206814_206902_207026; RT="z=1&dm=baidu&si=zhsueosfpmb&ss=l0pc5xoz&sl=4&tt=2cd&bcn=https%3A%2F%2Ffclog.baidu%2Flog%2Fweirwood%3Ftype%3Dperf&ld=6xn&ul=coe&hd=cpg"; BDRCVFR[feWj1Vr5u3D]=I67x6TjHwwYf0; delPer=0; PSINO=2; BAIDUID_BFESS=F8C6A1122E4B088F20E05168D7D295FC:FG=1; ZD_ENTRY=baidu; Hm_lvt_64ecd82404c51e03dc91cb9e8c025574=1646894340,1647058167,1647138813,1647251899; H_PS_PSSID=35970_35106_31660_34813_36089_34584_35872_36077_35948_35801_35956_35984_35318_26350_35883_35724_35878_22159_36061; BA_HECTOR=ak042gah2h042l2l591h2u4g90q; Hm_lpvt_64ecd82404c51e03dc91cb9e8c025574=1647251978; ab_sr=1.0.1_MWNkMGNkOTExNjBhYzczNjk5ZmEzMTliODNlOTVhOTAwYzg1Mzk3OTA3M2YxNDRiZTU5YTFlZTUwMmYyNWY2MmM1ZDc3MDBhYmY1ZDJmZmVlNmNhOGIyMTBmZTM3OTkwY2Q1ZDc0NDcyOTQ1ZjYzZGNjYjY2ODIwY2E0YWVjZTUyNTgzZDZkMzE3ZDgyNzRiYmY0NjIzZmIxNmViMzQyNDI3MDAwOGE1OTBmNzZkZDAyZTVkYjljODYxMjEzNWEz','Host': 'fanyi.baidu','Origin': '','Referer': '/?aldtype=16047','sec-ch-ua': '" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="98", "Google Chrome";v="98"','sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0','sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"','Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty','Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors','Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36','X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
}data = {'from': 'en','to': 'zh','query': 'spider','transtype': 'realtime','simple_means_flag': '3','sign': '63766.268839','token': '76d3f2542aa48c6b19fbcab7330a357c','domain': 'common'
}data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)res = urllib.request.urlopen(request)content = res.read().decode('utf-8')
content = json.loads(content)print(content)
print(type(content))

打印结果：