RPM软件包

软件包"/>

RPM软件包

文章目录

• RPM软件包
• rpm软件包管理工具
• yum管理工具
• 将本地仓库共享给其他主机

RPM软件包

Redhat  Package  Manager   软件包管理  windows     .exeLinux		.rpm软件包的含义 
ant-antunit-1.2-10.el7.noarch.rpm     antlr-C++-2.7.7-30.el7.x86_64.rpmant-antunit			#软件包名称  1.2					#软件的版本 10					#软件包编译发布的次数 el7					#适用于7系列的操作系统 el6					#适用于6系列操作系统noarch				#适用于任何cpu架构  x86_64				#硬件平台  位数  .rpm				#包的后缀名 软件包的安装方式 
rpm包		预先编译好的，安装简单  		版本过低  源码包		   手动编译，安装繁琐		   版本随意 二进制包	   绿色软件 解压即用           无法修改源代码   软件包的获取方式 
本地的ISO镜像     需要挂载使用 联网下载  		仓库获取 yum源  

rpm软件包管理工具

rpm命令   管理软件包   
选项：-i		#安装 -v		#显示安装的过程-h		#显示安装的进度条 	-ivh		#安装-Uvh		#升级-e			#卸载-q			#查询指定软件包 -qa			#查询所有已经安装的软件包-qi			#查询软件包本身相关信息-ql			#查询软件包列表信息-qc			#查询软件包相关文件-qf			#查询命令属于哪个软件包  必须是绝对路径  前提本地要已经存在这个软件包 #挂载镜像 mount
[root@zzc ~]# ll /dev/sr0 
brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Jul 27 16:29 /dev/sr0
[root@zzc ~]# ll /dev/cdrom 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jul 27 16:29 /dev/cdrom -> sr0
[root@zzc ~]# mount   /dev/sr0   /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@zzc ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        98G  1.5G   97G   2% /
devtmpfs        980M     0  980M   0% /dev
tmpfs           991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           991M  9.6M  981M   1% /run
tmpfs           991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       497M  120M  378M  25% /boot
tmpfs           199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0        4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /mnt[root@zzc ~]# ll  /mnt/Packages/  | wc -l
4023#安装-i		#安装 -v		#显示安装的过程-h		#显示安装的进度条 [root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:tree-1.6.0-10.el7                ################################# [100%]#删除 移除一个软件包
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -e  tree#rpm安装太需要依赖了，不会自动寻找依赖，需要手动下载依赖    不建议使用  #安装httpd  报错
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64httpd-tools = 2.4.6-88.el7.centos is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64#根据提示安装相关依赖  报错
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64#查找相关依赖包
[root@zzc ~]# ll  /mnt/Packages/  | grep  apr
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   105728 Nov 29  2017 apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   192652 Nov 29  2017 apr-devel-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    94132 Jul  4  2014 apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    78072 Jul  4  2014 apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   854420 Nov 12  2018 haproxy-1.5.18-8.el7.x86_64.rpm#安装相关依赖
[root@zzc ~]# rpm -ivh  /mnt/Packages/apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1              ################################# [100%]
[root@zzc ~]# rpm -ivh  /mnt/Packages/apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7             ################################# [100%]#尝试安装httpd-tools
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos  ################################# [100%]#再次安装httpd  报错 
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64#搜索相关文件的依赖包
[root@zzc ~]# yum  provides  /etc/mime.types
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.ustc.edu* epel: fedora.cs.nctu.edu.tw* extras: mirrors.aliyun* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu
mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch : Helper application and MIME type associations for file types
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/mime.types#安装依赖包
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7             ################################# [100%]#最终安装成功 
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  /mnt/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos        ################################# [100%]
[root@zzc ~]# #联网安装软件包 
[root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  .8.2003/os/x86_64/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Retrieving .8.2003/os/x86_64/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:tree-1.6.0-10.el7                ################################# [100%]#升级安装 -U		#升级  [root@zzc ~]# rpm  -ivh  .0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
Retrieving .0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.jseg5b: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID a14fe591: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7