Web3.0之Hardhat脚手架的使用

脚手架的使用"/>

Web3.0之Hardhat脚手架的使用

 ##初始化项目

yarn init 

##创建hardhat的开发环境

yarn add --dev hardhat

##创建hardhat的工程

npx hardhat 

##安装工程依赖

 yarn add --dev "hardhat@^2.14.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox@^3.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers@^1.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers@^2.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers@^3.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify@^1.0.0" "chai@^4.2.0" "ethers@^6.4.0" "hardhat-gas-reporter@^1.0.8" "solidity-coverage@^0.8.0" "@typechain/hardhat@^8.0.0" "typechain@^8.1.0" "@typechain/ethers-v6@^0.4.0" @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle

##关注deploy目录和test目录和hardhat.config.js
一个是部署项目的脚本目录 一个项目测试的脚本目录
hardhat.config.js是编写的所有脚本的执行入口

##重新编写deploy.js

// import some packages
const{ethers} = require("hardhat")//async main functionasync function main() {const StorageSimpleFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("StorageSimple");console.log("Deploying contract ..");const StorageSimple = await StorageSimpleFactory.deploy();const contractAddress = await StorageSimple.getAddress();console.log(contractAddress);}//call main functionmain().then(() => {process.exit(0);}).catch((error) => {console.log(error);process.exit(1);});

##编写完成deploy.js执行进行测试，hardhat 有自己内部的网络，自动部署到它的这个网络当中。这个网络环境类似于Ganache

npx hardhat run deploy.js

执行成功后有如下打印信息

$ npx hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js
Deploying contract ..
0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3

##hardhat.config.js 配置默认的网络

module.exports = {defaultNetwork:"hardhat", //默认网络hardhat,如果不配置默认也是它solidity: "0.8.19",
};

 测试一下 ，使用全局变量network指定网络

 npx hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js --network hardhat

##配置更多的网络信息

可以参考如下配置，SEPOLIA_RPC_URL 可以去Infure进行注册，它会提供很多区块链网络的节点信息，进行注册绑定即可获取节点的RPC的信息。如下二图所示，注册成功后，会看到一下画面，Ethereum的所示的链接，即是我们SEPOLIA_RPC_URL的链接

const SEPOLIA_RPC_URL = process.env.SEPOLIA_RPC_URL
const PRIVATE_KEY = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY;/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {defaultNetwork:"hardhat",solidity: "0.8.19",networks:{sepolia:{url:SEPOLIA_RPC_URL,accounts:[PRIVATE_KEY],chainId:11155111,},}
};

 然后进行测试 ，执行一下命令，你会发现部署起来变得慢了。因为合约是在真实的测试环境进行部署了。

npx hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js --network sepolia

##安装 @nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify

可以使用Etherscan服务器 验证发布的合约

yarn add --dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify

 继续完善deploy.js按照以下代码进行verify

async function main() {const StorageSimpleFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("StorageSimple");console.log("Deploying contract ..");const StorageSimple = await StorageSimpleFactory.deploy();const contractAddress = await StorageSimple.getAddress();console.log(`ContractAddress is ${contractAddress}`);//如果在测试网，再验证合约if(network.config.chainId == 11155111 &&  process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY ){//等待6个区块确认await StorageSimple.deploymentTransaction().wait(6);//开始验证await verify(contractAddress,[]);}//执行合约函数1const number1 = await StorageSimple.retrieve();console.log(`number1=${number1}`);//执行合约函数2const transactionResp = await StorageSimple.store(7);//等待一个区块确认await transactionResp.wait(1)//执行合约函数1const number2 = await StorageSimple.retrieve();console.log(`number2=${number2}`);}async function verify(contractAddress,argument){try {console.log("Verifying contract...");//执行commandawait run("verify:verify",{address:contractAddress,constractArguments:argument})} catch (error) {console.error(error);}}

##拓展一个hardhat功能

如以下新增一个打印当前网络的最新区块的功能。 新增的功能在hardhat.config.js中import即可。这样使用npx hardhat命令时，可查到block-number的功能。执行npx hardhat block-number即可执行 
 

const { task } = require("hardhat/config")task("block-number","Prints the current block number.").setAction(async(taskArgs,hre)=>{const blockNumber = await hre.ethers.provider.getBlockNumber();console.log(`${hrework.name} : The lastest block number is ${blockNumber}`);
})module.exports={}

##配置本地网络

使用npx hardhat node ,可获取许多本地网络信息。执行成功后，不要关闭此进程，它启动了一个虚拟的区块链服务！！可以切换  terminal窗口，执行其他的commands.
然后将，本地网络添加进hardhat.config.js，如之前sepolia网络的方式配置即可。

  localhost:{url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8545/',// accounts is not essential to configure,hardhat has provided lots of accounts in the local.// accounts:[PRIVATE_KEY],chainId:31337,}

  验证本地网络是否配置成功，执行

 npx hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js --network localhost

   可以在terminal 运行的节点窗口看点如下的配置和交易信息 

 eth_sendTransactionContract deployment: StorageSimpleContract address:    0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3Transaction:         0x13ab85499659bd15afe33e2b60faacf146be9f5971a1032f254fbc522027008bFrom:                0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266Value:               0 ETHGas used:            125701 of 30000000Block #1:            0xf371fa80b198ed970a8c01a1f91b0518f2aa4d792ef34dc8c504eddd7c57ef94eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_callContract call:       StorageSimple#retrieveFrom:                0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266To:                  0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3eth_blockNumber
eth_feeHistory
eth_sendTransactionContract call:       StorageSimple#storeTransaction:         0xc42d0e7c78eb3affccc475b9f7b44da6b9005eaedc7b7d118a2d7fcacecec784From:                0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266To:                  0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3Value:               0 ETHGas used:            43724 of 30000000Block #2:            0xbe8251e5ba574205cbbef7fa8f0c0696a0c1aedaefd96f008857d3b243cd897aeth_getTransactionByHash
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_blockNumber
eth_callContract call:       StorageSimple#retrieveFrom:                0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266To:                  0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3## 使用hardhat提供的console功能，可以将脚本在控制台进行运行。方便测试
npx hardhat console --network localhost
Welcome to Node.js v18.16.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
>  const StorageSimpleFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("StorageSimple");
undefined
> const StorageSimple = await StorageSimpleFactory.deploy();                                                               
undefined
> const contractAddress = await StorageSimple.getAddress();                                                                
undefined
> console.log(`ContractAddress is ${contractAddress}`);
ContractAddress is 0x9fE46736679d2D9a65F0992F2272dE9f3c7fa6e0
undefined
>  const number1 = await StorageSimple.retrieve();
undefined
>  console.log(`number1=${number1}`);
number1=0
undefined
> const transactionResp = await StorageSimple.store(7);
undefined
> console.log(`number2=${number2}`);
Uncaught ReferenceError: number2 is not defined
> const number2 = await StorageSimple.retrieve();
undefined
> console.log(`number2=${number2}`);
number2=7
undefined