Oracle审计记录"/>
手动清理Oracle审计记录
Oracle 数据库审计功能非常强大,通常包括标准审计(包括用户级审计和系统级审计)和细粒度审计。尽管如此,一不小心就容易造成性能问题。同时会把系统表空间给撑爆。下面的内容描述的是如何将审计从系统表空间剥离以及清理Oracle审计记录,供大家参考。
一、审计的相关配置
--环境
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionSQL> show parameter auditNAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /home/oraprod/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/audit
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string DB --此值为当前Oracle 11gR2缺省配置--从下面的查询中可以看出,当前的审计位于system表空间
SQL> col segment_name FOR a10
SQL> SELECT owner,segment_name,tablespace_name FROM dba_segments WHERE segment_name ='AUD$';OWNER SEGMENT_NA TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------
SYS AUD$ SYSTEM
二、修改审计存储表空间
新增一个表空间用于存储审计日志
SQL> CREATE tablespace audit_data datafile '/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/audit01.dbf'2 SIZE 100M autoextend ON NEXT 50M;SQL> @tbs_free.sqlTABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB FREE (MB TOTAL (M PER_FR
------------------------------ -------- -------- -------- ------
AUDIT_DATA 1 1,199 1,200 100 %
SYSAUX 1,133 77 1,210 6 %
SYSTEM 1,875 15 1,890 1 %-- 设定审计数据存放表空间
SQL> BEGIN2 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION(3 AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,4 AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION_VALUE => 'AUDIT_DATA'5 );6 END;7 /
BEGIN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-46267: Insufficient space in 'AUDIT_DATA' tablespace, cannot complete
operation
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT", line 1576
ORA-06512: at line 2
-- 错误提示,尽管我们使用了自动扩展表空间,依旧提示空间不够-- 查看当前审计数据大小,如下为1152MB
SQL> select segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='AUD$';SEGMENT_NAME BYTES/1024/1024
------------------------- ---------------
AUD$ 1152-- 下面调整数据文件大小
SQL> alter database datafile '/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/audit01.dbf' resize 1200m;Database altered.-- 再次设定审计数据存放表空间OK
SQL> BEGIN2 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION(3 AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,4 AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION_VALUE => 'AUDIT_DATA'5 );6 END;7 /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.Elapsed: 00:02:23.10
--整个过程花费了2m23s,主要是期间进行了数据搬迁SQL> SELECT owner,segment_name,tablespace_name FROM dba_segments WHERE segment_name ='AUD$';OWNER SEGMENT_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS AUD$ AUDIT_DATASQL> @tbs_free.sqlTABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB FREE (MB TOTAL (M PER_FR
------------------------------ -------- -------- -------- ------
AUDIT_DATA 1,153 47 1,200 4 %
SYSAUX 1,143 67 1,210 6 %
SYSTEM 724 1,166 1,890 62 %-- 从上面的这个查询可以看出,原来位于system表空间的AUD$被迁移到了AUDIT_DATA
-- 相应地AUDIT_DATA表空间已使用增加,而SYSTEM表空间使用率下降-- 查看审计数据字典配置信息
SQL> col PARAMETER_NAME FOR a30
SQL> col PARAMETER_VALUE FOR a15
SQL> col AUDIT_TRAIL FOR a20
SQL> SELECT PARAMETER_NAME, PARAMETER_VALUE, AUDIT_TRAIL2 FROM DBA_AUDIT_MGMT_CONFIG_PARAMS3 WHERE audit_trail = 'STANDARD AUDIT TRAIL';PARAMETER_NAME PARAMETER_VALUE AUDIT_TRAIL
------------------------------ --------------- --------------------
DB AUDIT TABLESPACE AUDIT_DATA STANDARD AUDIT TRAIL
DB AUDIT CLEAN BATCH SIZE 10000 STANDARD AUDIT TRAIL
三、清除审计记录
通过这个过程设定清除间隔
SQL> BEGIN2 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.init_cleanup(3 audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_ALL,4 default_cleanup_interval => 120 /* hours */);5 END;6 /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.-- 下面严验证审计日志清除是否已开启
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL> BEGIN2 IF DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.is_cleanup_initialized(DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD) THEN3 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('YES');4 ELSE5 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('NO');6 END IF;7 END;8 /
YESPL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> select segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='AUD$';SEGMENT_NAME BYTES/1024/1024
------------------- ---------------
AUD$ 1152SQL> select 'Leshami' As author,'' as Blog from dual;AUTHOR BLOG
------- ----------------------------
Leshami ; select count(*) from AUD$;COUNT(*)
----------5908086SQL> select min(ntimestamp#) from aud$;MIN(NTIMESTAMP#)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
20-AUG-14 06.11.09.901253 AM-- 设定归档间隔
SQL> BEGIN2 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(3 audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,4 last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-10);5 END;6 /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed--查看设定的归档间隔
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_audit_mgmt_last_arch_ts;AUDIT_TRAIL RAC_INSTANCE LAST_ARCHIVE_TS
-------------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
STANDARD AUDIT TRAIL 0 09-OCT-15 01.27.17.000000 PM +00:00--通过调用DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.clean_audit_trail进行手动清理审计日志
BEGINDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.clean_audit_trail(audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,use_last_arch_timestamp => TRUE);
END;
/DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.clean_audit_trail
This procedure deletes audit trail records. The CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL procedure is usually called after the
SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP Procedure has been used to set the last archived timestamp for the audit records.--也可以通过创建一个purge Job来进行清理已归档的历史审计记录
SQL> BEGIN2 DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CREATE_PURGE_JOB(3 AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,4 AUDIT_TRAIL_PURGE_INTERVAL => 24 /* hours */,5 AUDIT_TRAIL_PURGE_NAME => 'Daily_Audit_Purge_Job',6 USE_LAST_ARCH_TIMESTAMP => TRUE7 );8 END;9 /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.-- 本次测试使用了job进行清理,注,上面的purge job 并非使用DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB创建
-- 执行job用于清理归档,通过观察,由于redo log size为50MB,切换较为频繁,花费了19分钟
-- 同时伴随有Checkpoint not complete等待事件,可见redo size过小
SQL> exec DBMS_SCHEDULER.RUN_JOB(job_name => 'SYS.DAILY_AUDIT_PURGE_JOB');PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.Elapsed: 00:19:26.38SQL> select count(*) from AUD$;COUNT(*)
----------12--经查看,清理后空间并没有释放
SQL> select segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='AUD$';SEGMENT_NAME BYTES/1024/1024
------------------------------ ---------------
AUD$ 1152SQL> alter table sys.aud$ shrink space cascade;
alter table sys.aud$ shrink space cascade
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10636: ROW MOVEMENT is not enabledSQL> alter table sys.aud$ enable row movement;Table altered.SQL> alter table sys.aud$ shrink space cascade;Table altered.SQL> alter table sys.aud$ disable row movement;Table altered.-- 下面的查询可以看到,空间已经被释放
SQL> select segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where segment_name='AUD$';SEGMENT_NAME BYTES/1024/1024
-------------------- ---------------
AUD$ .0625
四、小结
a、对于Oracle 11g,审计功能默认被开启,因此如果在必须启用的情况下应考虑性能影响;
b、开启审计的情况下,建议将审计从system或sysaux表空间剥离,使用单独的表空间;
c、对于历史审计日志的清除,应考虑清除期间所带来的性能影响;
d、调用DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION这个过程已经开始了搬迁过程,如果审计日志很庞大,应考虑IO影响;
e、审计日志的清除需要先设定归档,已归档的审计日志会被清理;
f、也可以通过trunate table aud$ reuse storage以及deallocate非常规方式来处理。
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手动清理Oracle审计记录
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