Linux(Bash,Shell)键盘命令配置

编程入门行业动态更新时间:2024-10-24 00:25:53

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Linux(Bash,Shell)键盘命令配置

Bash下，如果使用的是shell脚本文件，快捷键不一定是一样的，有的时候会出现同一个快捷键有不同的表现，这种情况一般是由于Bash所处的模式不同而引起的，你可以通过set命令来调整模式：

set -o emacs
##切到emacs模式
set -o vi
##切到vi模式
set -o
## 查看当前选项的设置状态

不是自己个人使用的电脑建议用创建文件存储bind命令，每次登陆执行一遍：

因为bind命令，只是针对当前的会话有效，一旦会话丢失，这样设置的快捷键就会丢失，为了能够让设置的快捷键永久有效，我们就需要将快捷键的配置写入文件Inputrc。

注意：用bind时，:后不能有空格

bind：Bash - bind builtin function (Key to function, Shortcut) | Edition | Datacadamia - Data and Co

如下命令存入bind.sh ，然后命令行输入sh bind.sh

set -o emacs #不加会报错bind: warning: line editing not enabled
bind "\C-p":history-search-backward
bind "\C-n":history-search-forward
bind "\C-[D":forward-word
bind "\C-[C":backward-word

bind -P |grep history查看变化

注意：我的系统如果执行：

bind "\e[A":history-search-backward
bind "\e[B":history-search-forward

会出bug，会出现如下玩意儿，原因未知。但这两句放到~/.inputrc中式没问题的。

history-search-backward can be found on "\C-p", "\e[5~", "\\".

Inputrc 用来处理键盘映射表。这个文件在启动的时候被一个bash和其他shell使用的库，readline，调用。

全局的设定值包含在 /etc/inputrc中。每个用户自己的值设定于~/.inputrc。 ~/.inputrc 若存在，则会忽略全局设定值（~/.bashrc确定？）。前面bash设定中缺省调用 /etc/inputrc 如果你想让系统同时使用两个设定，可以把一个 .inputrc放到/etc/skel 中给每一个新建立的用户使用。

## 本例来自CentOS6.4的默认配置文件
$if mode=emacs# for linux console and RH/Debian xterm
"/e[1~": beginning-of-line
"/e[4~": end-of-line
# commented out keymappings for pgup/pgdown to reach begin/end of history
#"/e[5~": beginning-of-history
#"/e[6~": end-of-history
"/e[5~": history-search-backward
"/e[6~": history-search-forward
"/e[3~": delete-char
"/e[2~": quoted-insert
"/e[5C": forward-word
"/e[5D": backward-word
"/e[1;5C": forward-word
"/e[1;5D": backward-word# for rxvt
"/e[8~": end-of-line
"/eOc": forward-word
"/eOd": backward-word# for non RH/Debian xterm, can't hurt for RH/DEbian xterm
"/eOH": beginning-of-line
"/eOF": end-of-line# for freebsd console
"/e[H": beginning-of-line
"/e[F": end-of-line
$endif

说明：

在配置文件中，/C代表CTRL，/M代表ALT，/e代表ESC，//是反斜杠/，/'是单引号，/"是双引号；

/C-    control prefix
/M-    meta prefix
/e     an escape character
//     backslash
/"     literal ", a double quote
/’     literal ’, a single quote

如果要查看某一个功能键的字符序列可以通过[CTRL-V]来实现，或者输入cat后回车，进入编辑中，直接按快捷键

但有些CTRL-V不起作用，则在命令行输入read命令，再按键，则会显示对应字符。ctrl+c退出

The \e is the escape character, displayed as ^[ in the shell output

ESC键\e的值为 ^[

配置文件中可能会使用八进制或者十六进制来表示字符。

更多可参考：Where do I find a list of terminal key codes to remap shortcuts in bash? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange

(HowTo) Как настроить работу клавиш Shift+Стрелки в Midnight Commander в Konsole - Ubuntu.ru

bind -l 列出所有function

abort
accept-line
alias-expand-line
arrow-key-prefix
backward-byte
backward-char
backward-delete-char
backward-kill-line
backward-kill-word
backward-word
beginning-of-history
beginning-of-line
call-last-kbd-macro
capitalize-word
character-search
character-search-backward
clear-screen
complete
complete-command
complete-filename
complete-hostname
complete-into-braces
complete-username
complete-variable
copy-backward-word
copy-forward-word
copy-region-as-kill
dabbrev-expand
delete-char
delete-char-or-list
delete-horizontal-space
digit-argument
display-shell-version
do-lowercase-version
downcase-word
dump-functions
dump-macros
dump-variables
dynamic-complete-history
edit-and-execute-command
emacs-editing-mode
end-kbd-macro
end-of-history
end-of-line
exchange-point-and-mark
forward-backward-delete-char
forward-byte
forward-char
forward-search-history
forward-word
glob-complete-word
glob-expand-word
glob-list-expansions
history-and-alias-expand-line
history-expand-line
history-search-backward
history-search-forward
insert-comment
insert-completions
insert-last-argument
kill-line
kill-region
kill-whole-line
kill-word
magic-space
menu-complete
menu-complete-backward
next-history
non-incremental-forward-search-history
non-incremental-forward-search-history-again
non-incremental-reverse-search-history
non-incremental-reverse-search-history-again
old-menu-complete
operate-and-get-next
overwrite-mode
possible-command-completions
possible-completions
possible-filename-completions
possible-hostname-completions
possible-username-completions
possible-variable-completions
previous-history
quoted-insert
redraw-current-line
re-read-init-file
reverse-search-history
revert-line
self-insert
set-mark
shell-backward-kill-word
shell-backward-word
shell-expand-line
shell-forward-word
shell-kill-word
skip-csi-sequence
start-kbd-macro
tab-insert
tilde-expand
transpose-chars
transpose-words
tty-status
undo
universal-argument
unix-filename-rubout
unix-line-discard
unix-word-rubout
upcase-word
vi-append-eol
vi-append-mode
vi-arg-digit
vi-back-to-indent
vi-backward-bigword
vi-backward-word
vi-bword
vi-bWord
vi-change-case
vi-change-char
vi-change-to
vi-char-search
vi-column
vi-complete
vi-delete
vi-delete-to
vi-editing-mode
vi-end-bigword
vi-end-word
vi-eof-maybe
vi-eword
vi-eWord
vi-fetch-history
vi-first-print
vi-forward-bigword
vi-forward-word
vi-fword
vi-fWord
vi-goto-mark
vi-insert-beg
vi-insertion-mode
vi-match
vi-movement-mode
vi-next-word
vi-overstrike
vi-overstrike-delete
vi-prev-word
vi-put
vi-redo
vi-replace
vi-rubout
vi-search
vi-search-again
vi-set-mark
vi-subst
vi-tilde-expand
vi-yank-arg
vi-yank-to
yank
yank-last-arg
yank-nth-arg
yank-pop

参数详解：

# emacs模式的一些默认/修改
$if mode=emacs

# 允许使用Home/End键
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line

# 允许使用Delete/Insert 键
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# “page up”和“page down”的映射将逐步进入历史的开始/结束
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history

# “page up”和“page down”搜索历史的替代映射
"\e[5~": history-search-backward
"\e[6~": history-search-forward

#ctrl -左箭头和ctrl -右箭头用于单词移动的映射
"\e[1;5C": forward-word
"\e[1;5D": backward-word
"\e[5C": forward-word
"\e[5D": backward-word
"\e\e[C": forward-word
"\e\e[D": backward-word

$if term=rxvt
"\e[7~": beginning-of-line
"\e[8~": end-of-line
"\eOc": forward-word
"\eOd": backward-word
$endif

# 对于非RH/Debian xterm，对RH/Debian xterm没有害处
# "\eOH": beginning-of-line
# "\eOF": end-of-line

# 支持freebsd控制台
# "\e[H": beginning-of-line
# "\e[F": end-of-line

$endif

set horizontal-scroll-mode Off # 确认我们不会在同一行中输出所有的东西。

set meta-flag On # 开启8比特输入

set input-meta On

set convert-meta Off # 禁止对第8个比特过滤

set output-meta On # 在显示时保存第8个比特

set bell-style none # 关闭可视和声音提示

# 函数第一部分中包括的换码符序列的值

"\eOd": backward-word