示例代码"/>
Cmake学习笔记（一），Windows/linux 环境搭建配置,入门及示例代码
环境搭建配置、入门API以及示例代码
- Cmake安装和配置
- linux
- Windows
- 示例工程
- HelloWord
- 将HelloWord拆成三个文件
- HelloWord方法封装成一个静态库
- 拆分源码路径
- 修改文件输出路径
- 修改为动态库
Cmake为跨平台创建工程的，很多开源的项目，都采用Cmake来编译，opencv，libjpeg，QT部分等，非常有必要学习一下了，Cmake简单的关系图
对cmake和qmake来说，他们用普通语法让用户来添加编译选项，cmake对应CMakeList，qmake对应.pro文件
参考资料：
郑重感谢此文博主，本文后半部分是将其笔记（1）进行C++文件的实现和所用API的梳理，简单解释了几个没有详细说的API，还有小的疏忽bug，顺便给修复了
Cmake安装和配置
Cmake最重要就是跨平台的使用了，统一套代码，在不同的平台下，生成工程文件，在Windows下生成的即使Visual Studio 工程，在linux下即生成MakeFile，方便在不同平台下管理代码
linux
在linux下，现在主流的操作系统的源里都包含，cmake，直接安装即可，安装，ccmake后面跟个参数，即CMakeList.txt所在文件夹（linux 下严格区分大小写，这点和windows 不同一定要注意），执行后就能生成Makefile 。以最简单的HelloWord为例，因为主要目的是为了学习Cmake，后续就不再写linux示例，所有试验均以windows的GUI的操作为准
我只写了一个CmakeHelloWord.cpp
// An highlighted block
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>int main()
{printf("Hello World!\n");return 0;
}
CMakeList.txt:
// An highlighted block
project(HELLO)
set(SRC_LIST CmakeHelloWord.cpp)
add_executable(hello ${SRC_LIST})
执行 came + list所在路径，就可以的倒Makefile
Makefile（读起来费劲，知道咋回事得了。。。）:
// An highlighted block
# CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 2.8# Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
default_target: all
.PHONY : default_target#=============================================================================
# Special targets provided by cmake.# Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work.
.SUFFIXES:# Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove.
SUFFIXES =.SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list# Suppress display of executed commands.
$(VERBOSE).SILENT:# A target that is always out of date.
cmake_force:
.PHONY : cmake_force#=============================================================================
# Set environment variables for the build.# The shell in which to execute make rules.
SHELL = /bin/sh# The CMake executable.
CMAKE_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake# The command to remove a file.
RM = /usr/bin/cmake -E remove -f# Escaping for special characters.
EQUALS = =# The top-level source directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = /home/irisking/桌面/CmakeTest/1HelloWord/CmakeHelloWord# The top-level build directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = /home/irisking/桌面/CmakeTest/1HelloWord#=============================================================================
# Targets provided globally by CMake.# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache:@$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running interactive CMake command-line interface..."/usr/bin/cmake -i .
.PHONY : edit_cache# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache/fast: edit_cache
.PHONY : edit_cache/fast# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache:@$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake to regenerate build system..."/usr/bin/cmake -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
.PHONY : rebuild_cache# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache/fast: rebuild_cache
.PHONY : rebuild_cache/fast# The main all target
all: cmake_check_build_system$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /home/irisking/桌面/CmakeTest/1HelloWord/CMakeFiles /home/irisking/桌面/CmakeTest/1HelloWord/CMakeFiles/progress.marks$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /home/irisking/桌面/CmakeTest/1HelloWord/CMakeFiles 0
.PHONY : all# The main clean target
clean:$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 clean
.PHONY : clean# The main clean target
clean/fast: clean
.PHONY : clean/fast# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall: all$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall/fast:$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall/fast# clear depends
depend:$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 1
.PHONY : depend#=============================================================================
# Target rules for targets named hello# Build rule for target.
hello: cmake_check_build_system$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 hello
.PHONY : hello# fast build rule for target.
hello/fast:$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/hello.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/hello.dir/build
.PHONY : hello/fastCmakeHelloWord.o: CmakeHelloWord.cpp.o
.PHONY : CmakeHelloWord.o# target to build an object file
CmakeHelloWord.cpp.o:$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/hello.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/hello.dir/CmakeHelloWord.cpp.o
.PHONY : CmakeHelloWord.cpp.oCmakeHelloWord.i: CmakeHelloWord.cpp.i
.PHONY : CmakeHelloWord.i# target to preprocess a source file
CmakeHelloWord.cpp.i:$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/hello.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/hello.dir/CmakeHelloWord.cpp.i
.PHONY : CmakeHelloWord.cpp.iCmakeHelloWord.s: CmakeHelloWord.cpp.s
.PHONY : CmakeHelloWord.s# target to generate assembly for a file
CmakeHelloWord.cpp.s:$(MAKE) -f CMakeFiles/hello.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/hello.dir/CmakeHelloWord.cpp.s
.PHONY : CmakeHelloWord.cpp.s# Help Target
help:@echo "The following are some of the valid targets for this Makefile:"@echo "... all (the default if no target is provided)"@echo "... clean"@echo "... depend"@echo "... edit_cache"@echo "... hello"@echo "... rebuild_cache"@echo "... CmakeHelloWord.o"@echo "... CmakeHelloWord.i"@echo "... CmakeHelloWord.s"
.PHONY : help
Windows
从官网下载，安装包，安装成功后（有时因为权限问题，需要cmd管理安装），使用GUI界面，配置好顶端的
Where is the source code：需要配置，源码所在路径，即根 CMakeList所在路径
Where to build the binaries：配置希望生成的工程所在位置
然后依次点击Configure ，选择需要生成的VS版本，点击Generate即可生产VS工程文件
示例工程
该系列工程，参考顶端参考资料链接，将其中代码自己实现了一遍，前面讲过的API后面不再重复
HelloWord
CmakeHelloWord.cpp:
// An highlighted block
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>int main()
{printf("Hello World!\n");return 0;
}
CMakeList.txt:
// An highlighted block
project(HELLO)
set(SRC_LIST CmakeHelloWord.cpp)
add_executable(hello ${SRC_LIST})
project：用来设置解决方案的名称 .sln
set：Cmake语法，将变量SRC_LIST 设置为CmakeHelloWord.cpp .vs@!#@$#
add_executable：在解决方案‘HELLO’下，建立一个应用程序工程hello，所需文件是SRC_LIST
将HelloWord拆成三个文件
Hello.cpp:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "hello.hpp"void hello(const char * name)
{printf ("Hello %s!\n", name);
}
Hello.hpp:
#ifndef MSK_HELLO_
#define MSK_HELLO_
void hello(const char* name);
#endif //MSK_HELLO_
CmakeHelloWord.cpp:
// An highlighted block
#include "hello.hpp"int main()
{hello("World");return 0;
}
CMakeList.txt:
// An highlighted block
project(HELLO)
set(SRC_LIST CmakeHelloWord.cpp Hello.cpp)
add_executable(hello ${SRC_LIST})
与测试一没有什么区别，无非是SRC_LIST增加了一个文件Hello.cpp
HelloWord方法封装成一个静态库
CMakeList.txt:
project(HELLO)
set(LIB_SRC Hello.cpp)
set(APP_SRC CmakeHelloWord.cpp)
add_library(libhello ${LIB_SRC})
add_executable(hello ${APP_SRC})
target_link_libraries(hello libhello)
set_target_properties(libhello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
如果想改变生成的文件名，可以增加：
set_target_properties(libhello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
add_library:解决方案下，增加一个静态库工程
target_link_libraries：是hello依赖libhello库
set_target_properties：更改生成文件名，即VS里，属性->常规->目标文件名，有个比较神奇的地方是，set_target_properties也会修改，app里依赖的动态库文件名
OUTPUT_NAME 也可以改为PREFIX，用来增加前缀
拆分源码路径
在源文件目录，应用所需源码放在src文件夹，库所需文件夹放在libhello
最外层目录的CMakeList.txt
project(HELLO)
add_subdirectory(src)
add_subdirectory(libhello)
src中的CMakeList.txt
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libhello)
set(APP_SRC CmakeHelloWord.cpp)
add_executable(hello ${APP_SRC})
target_link_libraries(hello libhello)
libhello中的CMakeList.txt
set(LIB_SRC hello.cpp)
add_library(libhello ${LIB_SRC})
set_target_properties(libhello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
add_subdirectory：按顺序执目录里的CMakeList
修改文件输出路径
一种办法是修改根目录的 CMakeList.txt 文件
project(HELLO)
add_subdirectory(src bin)
add_subdirectory(libhello lib)
另一种方法是，修改各自工程的CMakeList文件
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libhello)
set(APP_SRC CmakeHelloWord.cpp)
add_executable(hello ${APP_SRC})
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
target_link_libraries(hello libhello)
set(LIB_SRC hello.cpp)
add_library(libhello ${LIB_SRC})
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
set_target_properties(libhello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH
LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH
CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG
CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG
这几个之间有区别，下次单独说
修改为动态库
只需要在add_library命令中加入一个SHARED参数：
add_library(libhello SHARED ${LIB_SRC})
修改 hello.hpp 文件
#ifndef MSK_HELLO_
#define MSK_HELLO_
#if defined _WIN32 #if LIBHELLO_BUILD #define LIBHELLO_API __declspec(dllexport) #else #define LIBHELLO_API __declspec(dllimport) #endif
#else #define LIBHELLO_API
#endifLIBHELLO_API void hello(const char* name);
#endif //MSK_HELLO_
修改 libhello/CMakeList.txt 文件
set(LIB_SRC hello.cpp)
add_definitions("-DLIBHELLO_BUILD")
add_library(libhello SHARED ${LIB_SRC})
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
set_target_properties(libhello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
add_definitions：增加预处理的宏定义，相当于，VS里的预编译头
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Cmake学习笔记（一）,Windows/linux 环境搭建配置,入门及示例代码
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