RISCV学习（2）玄铁C910处理器体验

编程入门行业动态更新时间:2024-10-09 03:22:21

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RISCV学习（2）玄铁C910处理器体验

笔者有幸参加了平头哥RISCV开发者大赛，体验了一下基于玄铁C910内核的矽速开发板。

1、开发板介绍

LicheePi 4A 是基于 Lichee Module 4A 核心板的高性能 RISC-V Linux 开发板。

TH1520 为主控核心（4xC910@1.85G， RV64GCV，4TOPS@int8 NPU， 50GFLOP GPU）
板载最大 16GB 64bit LPDDR4X，128GB eMMC，
支持 HDMI+MIPI 双4K 显示输出，
支持 4K 摄像头接入，
支持双千兆网口（其中一个支持POE供电）
4 个 USB3.0 接口，
多种音频输入输出（由专用 C906 核心处理）。-

2、GCC工具链使用

GCC的工具链安装，参考Licheepi GCC工具链安装。

查看gcc的工具链版本

root@lpi4a:~# gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/riscv64-linux-gnu/10/lto-wrapper
Target: riscv64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 10.4.0-8revyos2.4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-10/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-10 --program-prefix=riscv64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libitm --disable-libsanitizer --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --disable-multilib --with-arch=rv64gcv0p7_zfh_xtheadc --with-abi=lp64d --enable-checking=release --build=riscv64-linux-gnu --host=riscv64-linux-gnu --target=riscv64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 10.4.0 (Debian 10.4.0-8revyos2.4)

直接编译hello.c程序，提示需要设置xthreadc的版本，其实并不知道如何处理，经过查资料后发现，需要指明架构和二进制接口版本

gcc hello.c
Assembler messages:
Error: x ISA extension `xtheadc' must be set with the versions

然后根据提示指明了架构，发现对应的头文件找不到，怀疑工具链没安装对，重新安装了，但是依然没什么用，之后又重启了，还是不行，看来还得继续找问题。

gcc hello.c   -march=rv64imc
In file included from /usr/include/features.h:513,from /usr/include/riscv64-linux-gnu/bits/libc-header-start.h:33,from /usr/include/stdio.h:27,from hello.c:1:
/usr/include/riscv64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h:14:11: fatal error: gnu/stubs-lp64.h: No such file or directory14 | # include <gnu/stubs-lp64.h>

然后就看一下该文件的内容，以及去该目录下面搜索了有哪些文件

root@lpi4a:~# ls /usr/include/riscv64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h
/usr/include/riscv64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h
root@lpi4a:~# cat /usr/include/riscv64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h
/* This file is automatically generated.This file selects the right generated file of `__stub_FUNCTION' macrosbased on the architecture being compiled for.  */#include <bits/wordsize.h>#if __WORDSIZE == 32 && defined __riscv_float_abi_soft
# include <gnu/stubs-ilp32.h>
#endif
#if __WORDSIZE == 32 && defined __riscv_float_abi_double
# include <gnu/stubs-ilp32d.h>
#endif
#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __riscv_float_abi_soft
# include <gnu/stubs-lp64.h>
#endif
#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __riscv_float_abi_double
# include <gnu/stubs-lp64d.h>
#endif

ls /usr/include/riscv64-linux-gnu/gnu/
lib-names-lp64d.h  lib-names.h  libc-version.h  stubs-lp64d.h  stubs.h

看到这里就突然知道，需要指明对应的版本，不然相应的头文件找不到，果然和常规的GCC工具链使用还是有区别，增加了相应的abl版本后，发现march也需要版本，

gcc hello.c -march=rv64imc -mabi=lp64d
cc1: error: requested ABI requires '-march' to subsume the 'D' extension

在架构方面增加了d，发现还是不对，提示第一个指令集是e/i/g，还得修改

gcc hello.c -march=rv64dimc -mabi=lp64d
gcc: error: '-march=rv64dimc': first ISA subset must be 'e', 'i' or 'g'

然后修改了abl的，改成了e，发现abl的版本里面没有这个，必须是lp64d，所以又得改回去

gcc hello.c -march=rv64imc -mabi=lp64e
gcc: error: unrecognized argument in option '-mabi=lp64e'
gcc: note: valid arguments to '-mabi=' are: ilp32 ilp32d ilp32e ilp32f lp64 lp64d lp64dv lp64f lp64v; did you mean 'lp64'?

最后在march指令集的后面增加d，可以了，终于gcc工具链可以正常使用了。

root@lpi4a:~# gcc hello.c -march=rv64imafd -mabi=lp64d
root@lpi4a:~#

readelf工具可以查看其out文件信息，RISC-V的machine的64位机器版本

root@lpi4a:~# readelf -a a.out
ELF Header:Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00Class:                             ELF64Data:                              2's complement, little endianVersion:                           1 (current)OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System VABI Version:                       0Type:                              DYN (Position-Independent Executable file)Machine:                           RISC-VVersion:                           0x1Entry point address:               0x5b0Start of program headers:          64 (bytes into file)Start of section headers:          7168 (bytes into file)Flags:                             0x5, RVC, double-float ABISize of this header:               64 (bytes)Size of program headers:           56 (bytes)Number of program headers:         10Size of section headers:           64 (bytes)Number of section headers:         28Section header string table index: 27

再看看其他Section、Segment等信息

Section Headers:[Nr] Name              Type             Address           OffsetSize              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align[ 0]                   NULL             0000000000000000  000000000000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0[ 1] .interp           PROGBITS         0000000000000270  000002700000000000000021  0000000000000000   A       0     0     1[ 2] .note.gnu.bu[...] NOTE             0000000000000294  000002940000000000000024  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4[ 3] .note.ABI-tag     NOTE             00000000000002b8  000002b80000000000000020  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4[ 4] .gnu.hash         GNU_HASH         00000000000002d8  000002d80000000000000024  0000000000000000   A       5     0     8[ 5] .dynsym           DYNSYM           0000000000000300  0000030000000000000000c0  0000000000000018   A       6     2     8[ 6] .dynstr           STRTAB           00000000000003c0  000003c0000000000000007d  0000000000000000   A       0     0     1[ 7] .gnu.version      VERSYM           000000000000043e  0000043e0000000000000010  0000000000000002   A       5     0     2[ 8] .gnu.version_r    VERNEED          0000000000000450  000004500000000000000030  0000000000000000   A       6     1     8[ 9] .rela.dyn         RELA             0000000000000480  0000048000000000000000c0  0000000000000018   A       5     0     8[10] .rela.plt         RELA             0000000000000540  000005400000000000000030  0000000000000018  AI       5    21     8[11] .plt              PROGBITS         0000000000000570  000005700000000000000040  0000000000000010  AX       0     0     16[12] .text             PROGBITS         00000000000005b0  000005b00000000000000108  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     16[13] .rodata           PROGBITS         00000000000006b8  000006b80000000000000015  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8[14] .eh_frame_hdr     PROGBITS         00000000000006d0  000006d00000000000000014  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4[15] .eh_frame         PROGBITS         00000000000006e8  000006e8000000000000002c  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8[16] .preinit_array    PREINIT_ARRAY    0000000000001e08  00000e080000000000000008  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     1[17] .init_array       INIT_ARRAY       0000000000001e10  00000e100000000000000008  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8[18] .fini_array       FINI_ARRAY       0000000000001e18  00000e180000000000000008  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8[19] .dynamic          DYNAMIC          0000000000001e20  00000e2000000000000001e0  0000000000000010  WA       6     0     8[20] .data             PROGBITS         0000000000002000  000010000000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     8[21] .got              PROGBITS         0000000000002008  000010080000000000000048  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8[22] .bss              NOBITS           0000000000002050  000010500000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1[23] ment          PROGBITS         0000000000000000  000010500000000000000027  0000000000000001  MS       0     0     1[24] .riscv.attributes RISCV_ATTRIBUTE  0000000000000000  000010770000000000000106  0000000000000000           0     0     1[25] .symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  000011800000000000000630  0000000000000018          26    47     8[26] .strtab           STRTAB           0000000000000000  000017b0000000000000033c  0000000000000000           0     0     1[27] .shstrtab         STRTAB           0000000000000000  00001aec000000000000010f  0000000000000000           0     0     1
Key to Flags:W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),D (mbind), p (processor specific)There are no section groups in this file.Program Headers:Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddrFileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  AlignPHDR           0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000000040 0x00000000000000400x0000000000000230 0x0000000000000230  R      0x8INTERP         0x0000000000000270 0x0000000000000270 0x00000000000002700x0000000000000021 0x0000000000000021  R      0x1[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1]RISCV_ATTRIBUT 0x0000000000001077 0x0000000000000000 0x00000000000000000x0000000000000106 0x0000000000000000  R      0x1LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x00000000000000000x0000000000000714 0x0000000000000714  R E    0x1000LOAD           0x0000000000000e08 0x0000000000001e08 0x0000000000001e080x0000000000000248 0x0000000000000250  RW     0x1000DYNAMIC        0x0000000000000e20 0x0000000000001e20 0x0000000000001e200x00000000000001e0 0x00000000000001e0  RW     0x8NOTE           0x0000000000000294 0x0000000000000294 0x00000000000002940x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044  R      0x4GNU_EH_FRAME   0x00000000000006d0 0x00000000000006d0 0x00000000000006d00x0000000000000014 0x0000000000000014  R      0x4GNU_STACK      0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x00000000000000000x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000  RW     0x10GNU_RELRO      0x0000000000000e08 0x0000000000001e08 0x0000000000001e080x00000000000001f8 0x00000000000001f8  R      0x1Section to Segment mapping:Segment Sections...0001     .interp02     .riscv.attributes03     .interp .note.gnu.build-id .note.ABI-tag .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rela.dyn .rela.plt .plt .text .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame04     .preinit_array .init_array .fini_array .dynamic .data .got .bss05     .dynamic06     .note.gnu.build-id .note.ABI-tag07     .eh_frame_hdr0809     .preinit_array .init_array .fini_array .dynamicDynamic section at offset 0xe20 contains 26 entries:Tag        Type                         Name/Value0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libc.so.6]0x0000000000000020 (PREINIT_ARRAY)      0x1e080x0000000000000021 (PREINIT_ARRAYSZ)    8 (bytes)0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY)         0x1e100x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ)       8 (bytes)0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY)         0x1e180x000000000000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ)       8 (bytes)0x000000006ffffef5 (GNU_HASH)           0x2d80x0000000000000005 (STRTAB)             0x3c00x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB)             0x3000x000000000000000a (STRSZ)              125 (bytes)0x000000000000000b (SYMENT)             24 (bytes)0x0000000000000015 (DEBUG)              0x00x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT)             0x20080x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ)           48 (bytes)0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL)             RELA0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL)             0x5400x0000000000000007 (RELA)               0x4800x0000000000000008 (RELASZ)             240 (bytes)0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT)            24 (bytes)0x000000006ffffffb (FLAGS_1)            Flags: PIE0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED)            0x4500x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM)         10x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM)             0x43e0x000000006ffffff9 (RELACOUNT)          50x0000000000000000 (NULL)               0x0Relocation section '.rela.dyn' at offset 0x480 contains 8 entries:Offset          Info           Type           Sym. Value    Sym. Name + Addend
000000001e08  000000000003 R_RISCV_RELATIVE                     5d2
000000001e10  000000000003 R_RISCV_RELATIVE                     680
000000001e18  000000000003 R_RISCV_RELATIVE                     640
000000002000  000000000003 R_RISCV_RELATIVE                     2000
000000002038  000000000003 R_RISCV_RELATIVE                     684
000000002030  000300000002 R_RISCV_64        0000000000000000 _ITM_deregisterTM[...] + 0
000000002040  000500000002 R_RISCV_64        0000000000000000 __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.27 + 0
000000002048  000600000002 R_RISCV_64        0000000000000000 _ITM_registerTMCl[...] + 0Relocation section '.rela.plt' at offset 0x540 contains 2 entries:Offset          Info           Type           Sym. Value    Sym. Name + Addend
000000002018  000200000005 R_RISCV_JUMP_SLOT 0000000000000000 __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.34 + 0
000000002020  000400000005 R_RISCV_JUMP_SLOT 0000000000000000 puts@GLIBC_2.27 + 0The decoding of unwind sections for machine type RISC-V is not currently supported.Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 8 entries:Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND1: 00000000000005b0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 .text2: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _[...]@GLIBC_2.34 (2)3: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_deregisterT[...]4: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND puts@GLIBC_2.27 (3)5: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _[...]@GLIBC_2.27 (3)6: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_registerTMC[...]7: 0000000000000684    52 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   12 mainSymbol table '.symtab' contains 66 entries:Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND1: 0000000000000270     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 .interp2: 0000000000000294     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 .note.gnu.build-id3: 00000000000002b8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 .note.ABI-tag4: 00000000000002d8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 .gnu.hash5: 0000000000000300     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    5 .dynsym6: 00000000000003c0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    6 .dynstr7: 000000000000043e     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    7 .gnu.version8: 0000000000000450     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    8 .gnu.version_r9: 0000000000000480     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    9 .rela.dyn10: 0000000000000540     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   10 .rela.plt11: 0000000000000570     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   11 .plt12: 00000000000005b0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 .text13: 00000000000006b8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 .rodata14: 00000000000006d0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   14 .eh_frame_hdr15: 00000000000006e8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   15 .eh_frame16: 0000000000001e08     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   16 .preinit_array17: 0000000000001e10     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   17 .init_array18: 0000000000001e18     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   18 .fini_array19: 0000000000001e20     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   19 .dynamic20: 0000000000002000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   20 .data21: 0000000000002008     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   21 .got22: 0000000000002050     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   22 .bss23: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   23 ment24: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   24 .riscv.attributes25: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS Scrt1.o26: 00000000000002b8    32 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 __abi_tag27: 00000000000005b0     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 $xrv64i2p0_m2p0_[...]28: 00000000000005d2     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 load_gp29: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS crtstuff.c30: 00000000000005e0     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 $xrv64i2p0_m2p0_[...]31: 00000000000005e0     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 deregister_tm_clones32: 0000000000000610     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 register_tm_clones33: 0000000000000640     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 __do_global_dtors_aux34: 0000000000002050     1 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   22 completed.035: 0000000000001e18     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   18 __do_global_dtor[...]36: 0000000000000680     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 frame_dummy37: 0000000000001e10     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   17 __frame_dummy_in[...]38: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS hello.c39: 0000000000000684     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 $xrv64i2p0_m2p0_[...]40: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS crtstuff.c41: 0000000000000710     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   15 __FRAME_END__42: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS43: 0000000000000570     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS _PROCEDURE_LINKA[...]44: 0000000000001e20     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS _DYNAMIC45: 00000000000006d0     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   14 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR46: 0000000000002028     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_47: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND __libc_start_mai[...]48: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_deregisterT[...]49: 0000000000002000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT   20 data_start50: 0000000000002058     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   22 __BSS_END__51: 0000000000002050     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   21 _edata52: 0000000000002050     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   21 __SDATA_BEGIN__53: 0000000000002000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   20 __DATA_BEGIN__54: 0000000000002000     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   20 __data_start55: 0000000000002000     0 OBJECT  GLOBAL HIDDEN    20 __dso_handle56: 00000000000006b8     4 OBJECT  GLOBAL DEFAULT   13 _IO_stdin_used57: 0000000000002058     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   22 _end58: 00000000000005b0    34 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   12 _start59: 0000000000002800     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT  ABS __global_pointer$60: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND puts@GLIBC_2.2761: 0000000000002050     0 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Attribute Section: riscv
File Attributes

最后这个目标板的架构

  Tag_RISCV_arch: "rv64i2p0_m2p0_a2p0_f2p0_d2p0_c2p0_v0p7_zmmul1p0_zfh1p0_zfhmin1p0_xtheadba1p0_xtheadbb1p0_xtheadbs1p0_xtheadc1p0_xtheadcmo1p0_xtheadcondmov1p0_xtheadfmemidx1p0_xtheadfmv1p0_xtheadint1p0_xtheadmac1p0_xtheadmemidx1p0_xtheadmempair1p0_xtheadsync1p0"

注意事项：
1、安装是需要后面添加参数 --fix-missing（根据提示）
2、安装时系统可能会卡死，这时候安装包可能损坏，需要修复这个问题，dpkg --configure -a，

3、继续安装的时候，又会发现没有依赖或者依赖关系不对，需要apt --fix-broken install