基础与常用指令，Element基础"/>
Vue基础与常用指令，Element基础
1.vue快速入门
vue概述
Vue是一套构建用户界面的渐进式前端框架
只关注视图层，并且非常容易学习，还可以很方便的与其它库或已有项目整合
通过尽可能简单的API来实现响应数据的绑定和组合的视图组件
特点
易用：在有HTMLCSSJavaScript的基础上，快速上手。
灵活：简单小巧的核心，渐进式技术栈，足以应付任何规模的应用。
性能：20kbmin+gzip运行大小、超快虚拟DOM、最省心的优化
快速入门
1.下载和引入vue.js文件
2.编写入门程序
视图：负责页面渲染，主要由HTML+CSS构成
脚本：负责业务数据模型（Model）以及数据的处理逻辑
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>快速入门</title>
</head>
<body><!-- 视图 --><div id="div">{{msg}}</div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>//脚本new Vue({el:"#div",data:{msg:"Hello Vue"}});
</script>
</html>Vue 核心对象：每一个 Vue 程序都是从一个 Vue 核心对象开始的
let vm = new Vue({选项列表;
});
选项列表
el选项：用于接收获取到页面中的元素。(根据常用选择器获取)
data选项：用于保存当前Vue对象中的数据。在视图中声明的变量需要在此处赋值
methods选项：用于定义方法。方法可以直接通过对象名调用，this代表当前Vue对象
数据绑定
在视图部分获取脚本部分的数据。
{{变量名}}
快速入门升级
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>快速入门升级</title>
</head>
<body><!-- 视图 --><div id="div"><div>姓名：{{name}}</div><div>班级：{{classRoom}}</div><button onclick="hi()">打招呼</button><button onclick="update()">修改班级</button></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>// 脚本let vm = new Vue({el:"#div",data:{name:"张三",classRoom:"一班"},methods:{study(){alert(this.name + "正在" + this.classRoom + "好好学习!");}}});//定义打招呼方法function hi(){vm.study();}//定义修改班级function update(){vm.classRoom = "二班";}
</script>
</html>
2.vue常用指令
1.指令的介绍
指令：是带有 v- 前缀的特殊属性，不同指令具有不同含义。例如 v-html，v-if，v-for
使用指令时，通常编写在标签的属性上，值可以使用 JS 的表达式
指令：vue框架定义的，一些标签的自定义的属性
常用指令
| 指令 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| v-html | 把文本解析为HTML代码 |
| v-bind | 为HTML标签绑定属性值 |
| v-if | 条件性的渲染某元素，判定为true时渲染，否则不渲染 |
| v-else | |
| v-else-if | |
| v-show | 根据条件展示某元素，区别在于切换的是display属性的值 |
| v-for | 列表渲染，遍历容器的元素或者对象的属性 |
| v-on | 为HTML标签绑定事件 |
| v-model | 为表单元素上创建双向数据绑定 |
2.文本插值
v-html：把文本解析为 HTML 代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>文本插值</title>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><div>{{msg}}</div><div v-html="msg"></div></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{msg:"<b>Hello Vue</b>"}});
</script>
</html>
3.绑定属性
v-bind：为 HTML 标签绑定属性值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>绑定属性</title><style>.my{border: 1px solid red;}</style>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><a v-bind:href="url">百度一下</a><br><a :href="url">百度一下</a><br><div :class="cls">我是div</div></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{url:"",cls:"my"}});
</script>
</html>
4.条件渲染
v-if：条件性的渲染某元素，判定为真时渲染,否则不渲染
v-else：条件性的渲染
v-else-if：条件性的渲染
v-show：根据条件展示某元素，区别在于切换的是display属性的值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>条件渲染</title>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><!-- 判断num的值，对3取余 余数为0显示div1 余数为1显示div2 余数为2显示div3 --><div v-if="num % 3 == 0">div1</div><div v-else-if="num % 3 == 1">div2</div><div v-else="num % 3 == 2">div3</div><div v-show="flag">div4</div></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{num:1,flag:false}});
</script>
</html>
5.列表渲染
v-for：列表渲染，遍历容器的元素或者对象的属性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>列表渲染</title>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><ul><li v-for="name in names">{{name}}</li><li v-for="value in student">{{value}}</li></ul></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{names:["张三","李四","王五"],student:{name:"张三",age:23}}});
</script>
</html>
6.事件绑定
v-on：为 HTML 标签绑定事件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>事件绑定</title>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><div>{{name}}</div><button v-on:click="change()">改变div的内容</button><button v-on:dblclick="change()">改变div的内容</button><button @click="change()">改变div的内容</button></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{name:"周杰伦"},methods:{change(){this.name = "王力宏"}}});
</script>
</html>
7.表单绑定
表单绑定
v-model：在表单元素上创建双向数据绑定
双向数据绑定
更新data数据，页面中的数据也会更新
更新页面数据，data数据也会更新
MVVM模型(ModelViewViewModel)：是MVC模式的改进版
在前端页面中，JS对象表示Model，页面表示View，两者做到了最大限度的分离
将Model和View关联起来的就是ViewModel，它是桥梁
ViewModel负责把Model的数据同步到View显示出来，还负责把View修改的数据同步回Model
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>表单绑定</title>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><form autocomplete="off">姓名：<input type="text" name="username" v-model="username"><br>年龄：<input type="number" name="age" v-model="age"></form></div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{username:"张三",age:23}});
</script>
</html>3.Element基本使用
1.Element概述
Element：网站快速成型工具。是饿了么公司前端开发团队提供的一套基于Vue的网站组件库。
使用Element前提必须要有Vue。
组件：组成网页的部件，例如超链接、按钮、图片、表格等等
Element官网：
2.Element快速入门
1.下载 Element 核心库。
2.引入 Element 样式文件。
3.引入 Vue 核心 js 文件。
4.引入 Element 核心 js 文件。
5.编写按钮标签。
6.通过 Vue 核心对象加载元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>快速入门</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body><button>我是按钮</button><br><div id="div"><el-row><el-button>默认按钮</el-button><el-button type="primary">主要按钮</el-button><el-button type="success">成功按钮</el-button><el-button type="info">信息按钮</el-button><el-button type="warning">警告按钮</el-button><el-button type="danger">危险按钮</el-button></el-row><br><el-row><el-button plain>朴素按钮</el-button><el-button type="primary" plain>主要按钮</el-button><el-button type="success" plain>成功按钮</el-button><el-button type="info" plain>信息按钮</el-button><el-button type="warning" plain>警告按钮</el-button><el-button type="danger" plain>危险按钮</el-button></el-row><br><el-row><el-button round>圆角按钮</el-button><el-button type="primary" round>主要按钮</el-button><el-button type="success" round>成功按钮</el-button><el-button type="info" round>信息按钮</el-button><el-button type="warning" round>警告按钮</el-button><el-button type="danger" round>危险按钮</el-button></el-row><br><el-row><el-button icon="el-icon-search" circle></el-button><el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" circle></el-button><el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check" circle></el-button><el-button type="info" icon="el-icon-message" circle></el-button><el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off" circle></el-button><el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" circle></el-button></el-row></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div"});
</script>
</html>
3.基础布局
将页面分成最多 24 个部分，自由切分
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>基础布局</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script><style>.el-row {/* 行距为20px */margin-bottom: 20px;}.bg-purple-dark {background: red;}.bg-purple {background: blue;}.bg-purple-light {background: green;}.grid-content {/* 边框圆润度 */border-radius: 4px;/* 行高为36px */min-height: 36px;}</style>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><el-row><el-col :span="24"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-dark"></div></el-col></el-row><el-row><el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="12"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col></el-row><el-row><el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col><el-col :span="8"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col></el-row><el-row><el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col><el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="6"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col></el-row><el-row><el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col><el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col><el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div></el-col><el-col :span="4"><div class="grid-content bg-purple-light"></div></el-col></el-row></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div"});
</script>
</html>
4.容器布局
将页面分成头部区域、侧边栏区域、主区域、底部区域
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>容器布局</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script><style>.el-header, .el-footer {background-color: #d18e66;color: #333;text-align: center;height: 100px;}.el-aside {background-color: #55e658;color: #333;text-align: center;height: 580px;}.el-main {background-color: #5fb1f3;color: #333;text-align: center;height: 520px;}</style>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><el-container><el-header>头部区域</el-header><el-container><el-aside width="200px">侧边栏区域</el-aside><el-container><el-main>主区域</el-main><el-footer>底部区域</el-footer></el-container></el-container></el-container></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div"});
</script>
</html>
5.表单组件
表单：由输入框、下拉列表、单选框、多选框等控件组成，用以收集、校验、提交数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>表单组件</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm"><el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name"><el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region"><el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域"><el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option><el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option></el-select></el-form-item><el-form-item label="活动时间" required><el-col :span="11"><el-form-item prop="date1"><el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker></el-form-item></el-col><el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col><el-col :span="11"><el-form-item prop="date2"><el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker></el-form-item></el-col></el-form-item><el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery"><el-switch v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch></el-form-item><el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type"><el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type"><el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox><el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox><el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox><el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox></el-checkbox-group></el-form-item><el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource"><el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource"><el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio><el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio></el-radio-group></el-form-item><el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc"><el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button><el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button></el-form-item></el-form></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{ruleForm: {name: '',region: '',date1: '',date2: '',delivery: false,type: [],resource: '',desc: ''},rules: {name: [{ required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }],region: [{ required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' }],date1: [{ type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' }],date2: [{ type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' }],type: [{ type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' }],resource: [{ required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' }],desc: [{ required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' }]}},methods:{submitForm(formName) {this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {if (valid) {alert('submit!');} else {console.log('error submit!!');return false;}});},resetForm(formName) {this.$refs[formName].resetFields();}}});
</script>
</html>
6.表格组件
表格：用于展示多条结构类似的数据，可对数据进行编辑、删除或其他自定义操作
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>表格组件</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><template><el-table:data="tableData"style="width: 100%"><el-table-columnprop="date"label="日期"width="180"></el-table-column><el-table-columnprop="name"label="姓名"width="180"></el-table-column><el-table-columnprop="address"label="地址"></el-table-column><el-table-columnlabel="操作"width="180"><el-button type="warning">编辑</el-button><el-button type="danger">删除</el-button></el-table-column></el-table></template></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{tableData: [{date: '2016-05-02',name: '王小虎',address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1518 弄'}, {date: '2016-05-04',name: '王小虎',address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1517 弄'}, {date: '2016-05-01',name: '王小虎',address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1519 弄'}, {date: '2016-05-03',name: '王小虎',address: '上海市普陀区金沙江路 1516 弄'}]}});
</script>
</html>
7.顶部导航栏组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>顶部导航栏</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><el-menu:default-active="activeIndex2"class="el-menu-demo"mode="horizontal"@select="handleSelect"background-color="#545c64"text-color="#fff"active-text-color="#ffd04b"><el-menu-item index="1">处理中心</el-menu-item><el-submenu index="2"><template slot="title">我的工作台</template><el-menu-item index="2-1">选项1</el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="2-2">选项2</el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="2-3">选项3</el-menu-item><el-submenu index="2-4"><template slot="title">选项4</template><el-menu-item index="2-4-1">选项1</el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="2-4-2">选项2</el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="2-4-3">选项3</el-menu-item></el-submenu></el-submenu><el-menu-item index="3" disabled>消息中心</el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="4"><a href="" target="_blank">订单管理</a></el-menu-item></el-menu></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div"});
</script>
</html>
8.侧边导航栏组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>侧边导航栏</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css"><script src="vue.js"></script><script src="element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><el-col :span="6"><el-menudefault-active="2"class="el-menu-vertical-demo"@open="handleOpen"@close="handleClose"background-color="#545c64"text-color="#fff"active-text-color="#ffd04b"><el-submenu index="1"><template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-location"></i><span>导航一</span></template><el-menu-item-group><template slot="title">分组一</template><el-menu-item index="1-1">选项1</el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="1-2">选项2</el-menu-item></el-menu-item-group><el-menu-item-group title="分组2"><el-menu-item index="1-3">选项3</el-menu-item></el-menu-item-group><el-submenu index="1-4"><template slot="title">选项4</template><el-menu-item index="1-4-1">选项1</el-menu-item></el-submenu></el-submenu><el-menu-item index="2"><i class="el-icon-menu"></i><span slot="title">导航二</span></el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="3" disabled><i class="el-icon-document"></i><span slot="title">导航三</span></el-menu-item><el-menu-item index="4"><i class="el-icon-setting"></i><span slot="title">导航四</span></el-menu-item></el-menu></el-col></div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div"});
</script>
</html>
4.vue高级使用
1.自定义组件
组件其实就是自定义的标签。例如<el-button>就是对<button>的封装
本质上，组件是带有一个名字且可复用的 Vue 实例，完全可以自己定义
定义格式
Vueponent(组件名称, {props:组件的属性,data: 组件的数据函数,template: 组件解析的标签模板
})
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>自定义组件</title><script src="vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="div"><my-button>我的按钮</my-button></div>
</body>
<script>Vueponent("my-button",{// 属性props:["style"],// 数据函数data: function(){return{msg:"我的按钮"}},//解析标签模板template:"<button style='color:red'>{{msg}}</button>"});new Vue({el:"#div"});
</script>
</html>
2.vue的生命周期
生命周期的八个状态
| 状态 | 阶段周期 |
|---|---|
| beforeCreate | 创建前 |
| created | 创建后 |
| beforeMount | 载入前 |
| mounted | 载入后 |
| beforeUpdate | 更新前 |
| updated | 更新后 |
| beforeDestory | 销毁前 |
| destoryed | 销毁后 |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>生命周期</title><script src="vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="app">{{message}}</div>
</body>
<script>let vm = new Vue({el: '#app',data: {message: 'Vue的生命周期'},beforeCreate: function() {console.group('------beforeCreate创建前状态------');console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); //undefinedconsole.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //undefined console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message);//undefined},created: function() {console.group('------created创建完毕状态------');console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); //undefinedconsole.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //已被初始化 console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); //已被初始化},beforeMount: function() {console.group('------beforeMount挂载前状态------');console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + (this.$el)); //已被初始化console.log(this.$el);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //已被初始化 console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); //已被初始化 },mounted: function() {console.group('------mounted 挂载结束状态------');console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el); //已被初始化console.log(this.$el);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data); //已被初始化console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message); //已被初始化 },beforeUpdate: function() {console.group('beforeUpdate 更新前状态===============》');let dom = document.getElementById("app").innerHTML;console.log(dom);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el);console.log(this.$el);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message);},updated: function() {console.group('updated 更新完成状态===============》');let dom = document.getElementById("app").innerHTML;console.log(dom);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el);console.log(this.$el);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message);},beforeDestroy: function() {console.group('beforeDestroy 销毁前状态===============》');console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el);console.log(this.$el);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message);},destroyed: function() {console.group('destroyed 销毁完成状态===============》');console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "el : " + this.$el);console.log(this.$el);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "data : " + this.$data);console.log("%c%s", "color:red", "message: " + this.message);}});// 销毁Vue对象//vm.$destroy();//vm.message = "hehe"; // 销毁后 Vue 实例会解绑所有内容// 设置data中message数据值vm.message = "good...";
</script>
</html>
3.异步操作
在Vue中发送异步请求，本质上还是AJAX。我们可以使用axios这个插件来简化操作
使用步骤
1.引入axios核心js文件
2.调用axios对象的方法来发起异步请求
3.调用axios对象的方法来处理响应的数据
| 方法名 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| get(请求的资源路径与请求的参数) | 发起GET请求 |
| post(请求的资源路径,请求的参数) | 发起POST方式请求 |
| then(response) | 请求成功后的回调函数，通过response获取响应的数据 |
| catch(error) | 请求失败后的回调函数，通过error获取错误信息 |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>异步操作</title><script src="js/vue.js"></script><script src="js/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div">{{name}}<button @click="send()">发起请求</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>new Vue({el:"#div",data:{name: "张三"},methods:{send(){//GET方式请求// axios.get("testServlet?name=" + this.name)// .then(resp => {// alert(resp.data);// })// .catch(error => {// alert(error);// })// POST方式请求axios.post("testServlet","name="+this.name).then(resp => {alert(resp.data);}).catch(error => {alert(error);})}}});
</script>
</html>
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@WebServlet("/testServlet")
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//设置请求和响应的编码req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");//获取请求参数String name = req.getParameter("name");System.out.println(name);//响应客户端resp.getWriter().write("请求成功");}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doGet(req,resp);}
}
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Vue基础与常用指令,Element基础
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