如何通过模拟其中的一个或多个方法来测试Akka Actor功能

本文介绍了如何通过模拟其中的一个或多个方法来测试Akka Actor功能的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！ 问题描述

我很想知道如何测试Akka Actor功能，通过在Actor中模拟一些方法（替换真实对象/ actor的方法实现，通过模拟一个）。

I'm interested to know about how to test Akka Actor functionality, by mocking some methods (substitute real object's/actor's method implementation by mocked one) in Actor.

我使用 akka.testkit.TestActorRef ;

另外：我尝试使用 SpyingProducer ，但目前尚不清楚如何使用它。 （就像我，如果我在其实现中创建了actor，它将与我现在一样）。 google搜索结果不是很明显详细。

Also: I tried to use SpyingProducer but it is not clear how to use it. (like I if I created actor inside its implementation it would be the same I have now). The google search result about that is not very verbose.

我使用 powemockito 和 java 。但是这没关系。我有兴趣知道原则上怎么做 任何带有任何框架的语言

I use powemockito and java. But It does not matter. I would be interested to know how to do it in principle with any language with any framework

（所以如果你不知道power / mockito是如何运作的，只需提供你的代码..（请）或完全了解你将如何使用你所知道的工具。 ）

(so if you do not know how power/mockito works just provide your code.. (please) or complete idea about how you would do it with your tools you know.)

所以，假设我们有一个要测试的演员：

So, let's say we have an Actor to test:

package example.formock; import akka.actor.UntypedActor; public class ToBeTestedActor extends UntypedActor { @Override public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception { if (message instanceof String) { getSender().tell( getHelloMessage((String) message), getSelf()); } } String getHelloMessage(String initMessage) { // this was created for test purposes (for testing mocking/spy capabilities). Look at the test return "Hello, " + initMessage; } }

在我们的测试中我们想要替换 getHelloMessage（）返回其他内容。

And in our test we want to substitute getHelloMessage() returning something else.

这是我的尝试：

package example.formock; import akka.testkit.TestActorRef; ... @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PrepareForTest(ToBeTestedActor.class) public class ToBeTestedActorTest { static final Timeout timeout = new Timeout(Duration.create(5, "seconds")); @Test public void getHelloMessage() { final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("system"); // given final TestActorRef<ToBeTestedActor> actorRef = TestActorRef.create( system, Props.create(ToBeTestedActor.class), "toBeTestedActor"); // First try: ToBeTestedActor actorSpy = PowerMockito.spy(actorRef.underlyingActor()); // change functionality PowerMockito.when(actorSpy.getHelloMessage (anyString())).thenReturn("nothing"); // <- expecting result try { // when Future<Object> future = Patterns.ask(actorRef, "Bob", timeout); // then assertTrue(future.isCompleted()); // when String resultMessage = (String) Await.result(future, Duration.Zero()); // then assertEquals("nothing", resultMessage); // FAIL HERE } catch (Exception e) { fail("ops"); } } }

结果：

org.junit.ComparisonFailure: Expected :nothing Actual :Hello, Bob

推荐答案

Akka有一个班级 AutoPilot 这基本上是演员的一般模拟，具有响应消息和断言消息发送的能力。 doc.akka.io/docs/akka/snapshot/java/ testing.html

Akka has a class AutoPilot that is basically a general mock for actors, with the ability to respond to messages and assert that messages were sent. doc.akka.io/docs/akka/snapshot/java/testing.html

这是该页面的java示例。您可以创建一个探测器，设置一个可以响应消息的自动驾驶仪，并从中获取一个 ActorRef ，您可以替换为您的真实演员。

Here's the java example for that page. You create a probe, set an auto-pilot that can respond to messages, and get an ActorRef from it that you can substitute in for your real actor.

new JavaTestKit(system) {{ final JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(system); // install auto-pilot probe.setAutoPilot(new TestActor.AutoPilot() { public AutoPilot run(ActorRef sender, Object msg) { sender.tell(msg, ActorRef.noSender()); return noAutoPilot(); } }); // first one is replied to directly ... probe.getRef().tell("hello", getRef()); expectMsgEquals("hello"); // ... but then the auto-pilot switched itself off probe.getRef().tell("world", getRef()); expectNoMsg(); }};