C++编程案例讲解

案例讲解"/>

C++编程案例讲解

使用类模板封装数组类

• 可以对内置的数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行存储
• 将数组中的数据存储到堆区
• 构造函数中可以传入数组的容量
• 提供对应的拷贝函数以及operator=防止浅拷贝问题
• 提供尾插法和尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除
• 可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素
• 可以获取数组当中当前元素个数和数组的容量

TList.hpp

#pragma once
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;template<class T>
class TList
{
private://数组记录信息T* array;//自定义数组的容量int* m_Capactity;//当前数组已有的数据数量int* m_Size;
public://构造函数，可以传递数组的容量信息TList(int capactity){if (this->array != NULL){//释放原本的信息delete[] this->array;this->array = NULL;}//在堆区创建一个可以放置目标容量数据的内存区块this->array = new T[capactity];//已放置的数据索引设置为0this->m_Size = new int(0);//初始化容量信息this->m_Capactity = new int(capactity);}//拷贝构造函数TList(const TList& list){this->array = new T[*list.m_Capactity];//值拷贝for (int i = 0; i < *list.m_Size; i++){this->array[i] = list.array[i];}this->m_Capactity = new int(*list.m_Capactity);this->m_Size = new int(*list.m_Size);}//operator = 防止浅拷贝问题TList& operator=(const TList& list){if (this->array != NULL){delete[] this->array;this->array = NULL;this->m_Capactity = 0;this->m_Size = 0;}//深拷贝this->array = new T[*list.m_Capactity];//值拷贝for (int i = 0; i < *list.m_Size; i++){this->array[i] = list.array[i];}this->m_Capactity = new int(*list.m_Capactity);this->m_Size = new int(*list.m_Size);}//重载[]下标访问模式T& operator[](int index){return this->array[index];}//析构函数~TList(){if (this->array != NULL){//释放原本的信息delete[] this->array;this->array = NULL;}if (this->m_Size != NULL){//释放原本的信息delete this->m_Size;this->m_Size = NULL;}if (this->m_Capactity != NULL){//释放原本的信息delete this->m_Capactity;this->m_Capactity = NULL;}}//尾插法void add(const T& t){this->array[*this->m_Size] = t;int size = (*this->m_Size) + 1;if (this->m_Size != NULL){//释放原本的信息delete this->m_Size;this->m_Size = NULL;}this->m_Size = new int(size);}//尾删法void remove(){if (this->m_Size == 0){return;}this->m_Size--;}//获取数组的容量int getCapactit(){return *this->m_Capactity;}//获取数组的容量int size(){return *this->m_Size;}
};

调用案例：
main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "TList.hpp"int main()
{TList<string> list_1(100);TList<string> list_2(list_1);list_1.add("string");std::cout << " list_1[0] = " << list_1[0] << std::endl;std::cout << "size = " << list_1.size() << std::endl;
}

运行结果：

上述案例还可以进行扩展，包括但不限于删除某下标，数组排序等相关功能。