在 Rust 中使用 Any 和 trait

本文介绍了在 Rust 中使用 Any 和 trait的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！ 问题描述

我正在尝试在 Rust 中为具有子类型的特征实现 PartialEq，以便我可以将它们作为盒装指针添加到容器中，然后进行比较.

I'm trying to implement PartialEq in Rust for a trait that has subtypes, so that I can add them as boxed pointers to a container and later compare them.

这是我的缩小实施:

use std::any::Any; trait Foo: Any {} struct Bar {} impl Foo for Bar {} struct Baz {} impl Foo for Baz {} impl PartialEq for Foo { fn eq(&self, other: &Foo) -> bool { let me = self as &Any; let you = other as &Any; if me.is::<Bar>() && you.is::<Bar>() { true } else if me.is::<Baz>() && you.is::<Baz>() { true } else { false } } } fn main() { let bar: Bar = Bar {}; let baz: Baz = Baz {}; let foo1: &Foo = &bar; let foo2: &Foo = &baz; println!("{:?}", foo1 == foo2); }

Rust Playground 中的代码示例.

当我构建这个时，我得到:

When I build this, I get:

rustc 1.17.0-nightly (0648517fa 2017-02-03) error: non-scalar cast: `&Foo + 'static` as `&std::any::Any + 'static` --> <anon>:15:18 | 15 | let me = self as &Any; | ^^^^^^^^^^^^ error: non-scalar cast: `&Foo + 'static` as `&std::any::Any + 'static` --> <anon>:16:19 | 16 | let you = other as &Any; | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ error: aborting due to 2 previous errors

这令人困惑.知道我在这里做错了什么吗?

which is confusing. Any ideas what I'm doing wrong here?

编辑:我不认为这是 为什么 Rust 不支持 trait 对象向上转换?，因为我要做的是使用 Any 进行向下转换，而不是向上转换.

Edit: I don't believe this is a duplicate of Why doesn't Rust support trait object upcasting?, because what I'm trying to do is downcast using Any, not upcast.

进一步编辑:是的，这是重复的 - 抱歉，我在想我要做什么(向下转换到 Bar 和 Baz 类型)而不是我是如何做的(向上转换为 Any).但是，话虽如此，我想我仍然不明白为什么 任何示例，他们这样做的地方: let value_any = value as &Any; 有效，而我的却没有.话虽如此，Joshua Entrekin 确实给出了很好的答案.

Further Edit: Yes, this is a duplicate - sorry, I was thinking about what I was trying to do (downcast to the Bar and Baz types) rather than how I was doing that (upcasting to Any). However, that being said, I guess I still don't understand why the Any example, where they do this: let value_any = value as &Any; works, where mine doesn't. That being said, Joshua Entrekin did give a great answer.

最终编辑 一个，没关系，这是因为我在提升一种特质而不是一种类型 - Doh！.谢谢大家！

Final Edit An, never mind, it's because I'm upcasting a trait rather than a type - Doh!. Thanks, everyone!

推荐答案

这是 为什么 Rust 不支持 trait 对象向上转换? 因为您正在尝试从 Foo 向上转换为 Any.如果您向 Foo 添加一个 as_any 方法并在其上实现，则可以使此代码工作:

This is a duplicate of Why doesn't Rust support trait object upcasting? because you are trying to upcast from Foo to Any. If you add an as_any method to Foo and implement on it, this code can be made to work:

use std::any::Any; trait Foo: Any { fn as_any(&self) -> &Any; } impl<T: Any> Foo for T { fn as_any(&self) -> &Any { self } } struct Bar {} struct Baz {} impl PartialEq for Foo { fn eq(&self, other: &Foo) -> bool { let me = self.as_any(); let you = other.as_any(); if me.is::<Bar>() && you.is::<Bar>() { true } else if me.is::<Baz>() && you.is::<Baz>() { true } else { false } } } fn main() { let bar: Bar = Bar {}; let baz: Baz = Baz {}; let foo1: &Foo = &bar; let foo2: &Foo = &baz; println!("{:?}", foo1 == foo2); }

我在 Playground 中展示了它.