进展如何？与Action< T>不同？ （C＃）

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我一直在使用 Progress< T> ，想知道它是否可以由 Action< T> 代替。

I've been using Progress<T> and wondered if it can be replaced by Action<T>.

在下面的代码中，使用它们中的每一个来报告进度，即 ReportWithProgress（）或 ReportWithAction（），对我没有任何明显的影响。 progressBar1 的增加方式，字符串在输出窗口上的写入方式，看起来似乎相同。

In the code below, using each of them for reporting progress, i.e. ReportWithProgress() or ReportWithAction(), didn't make any noticeable difference to me. How progressBar1 increased, how the strings were written on the output window, they seemed the same.

// WinForm application with progressBar1 private void HeavyIO() { Thread.Sleep(20); // assume heavy IO } private async Task ReportWithProgress() { IProgress<int> p = new Progress<int>(i => progressBar1.Value = i); for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) { await Task.Run(() => HeavyIO()); Console.WriteLine("Progress : " + i); p.Report(i); } } private async Task ReportWithAction() { var a = new Action<int>(i => progressBar1.Value = i); for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) { await Task.Run(() => HeavyIO()); Console.WriteLine("Action : " + i); a(i); } }

但是 Progress< T> 不能完全改变方向。实施它应该有一个原因。谷歌搜索 c＃Progress vs Action并没有给我太多帮助。进度与操作有何不同？

But Progress<T> can't be a reinvention of the wheel. There should be a reason why it was implemented. Googling "c# Progress vs Action" didn't give me much help. How is Progress different from Action?

推荐答案

调用 progressBar1.Value = i 来自不同线程的结果将导致可怕的跨线程操作无效 异常。另一方面， Progress 类将事件调度到同步上下文在构建时捕获：

Calling progressBar1.Value = i from a different thread results in the dreaded "cross-thread operation not valid" exception. The Progress class, on the other hand, dispatches the event to the synchronization context captured in the moment of construction:

// simplified code, check reference source for actual code void IProgress<T>.Report(T value) { // post the processing to the captured sync context m_synchronizationContext.Post(InvokeHandlers, value); } private void InvokeHandlers(object state) { // invoke the handler passed through the constructor m_handler?.Invoke((T)state); // invoke the ProgressChanged event handler ProgressChanged?.Invoke(this, (T)state); }

这可确保完成对进度条，标签和其他UI元素的所有更新在一个（唯一的）GUI线程上。

This ensures that all updates to progress bars, labels and other UI elements are done on a (one and only) GUI thread.

因此，仅实例化 Progress 类< 在后台线程的strong>外部内部，在UI线程上被调用：

So, it only makes sense to instantiate the Progress class outside of the background thread, inside a method which is called on a UI thread:

void Button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // since this is a UI event, instantiating the Progress class // here will capture the UI thread context var progress = new Progress<int>(i => progressBar1.Value = i); // pass this instance to the background task Task.Run(() => ReportWithProgress(progress)); } async Task ReportWithProgress(IProgress<int> p) { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) { await Task.Run(() => HeavyIO()); Console.WriteLine("Progress : " + i); p.Report(i); } }