多字段、多词、匹配不带query

本文介绍了多字段、多词、匹配不带query_string的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！ 问题描述

我希望能够将多词搜索与多个字段进行匹配，其中搜索到的每个词都包含在任何字段中，任意组合.问题是我想避免使用 query_string.

I would like to be able to match a multi word search against multiple fields where every word searched is contained in any of the fields, any combination. The catch is I would like to avoid using query_string.

curl -X POST "localhost:9200/index/document/1" -d '{"id":1,"firstname":"john","middlename":"clark","lastname":"smith"}' curl -X POST "localhost:9200/index/document/2" -d '{"id":2,"firstname":"john","middlename":"paladini","lastname":"miranda"}'

我希望搜索John Smith"只匹配文档 1.以下查询满足我的需要，但我宁愿避免使用 query_string，以防用户通过OR"、AND"和任何其他高级参数.

I would like the search for 'John Smith' to match only document 1. The following query does what I need but I would rather avoid using query_string in case the user passes "OR", "AND" and any of the other advanced params.

curl -X GET 'localhost:9200/index/_search?per_page=10&pretty' -d '{ "query": { "query_string": { "query": "john smith", "default_operator": "AND", "fields": [ "firstname", "lastname", "middlename" ] } } }'

推荐答案

您正在寻找的是 多匹配查询，但它的执行方式与您希望的不同.

What you are looking for is the multi-match query, but it doesn't perform in quite the way you would like.

比较 validate 的输出multi_match vs query_string.

Compare the output of validate for multi_match vs query_string.

multi_match(使用运算符 and)将确保所有术语都存在于至少一个字段中:

multi_match (with operator and) will make sure that ALL terms exist in at least one field:

curl -XGET '127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true' -d ' { "multi_match" : { "operator" : "and", "fields" : [ "firstname", "lastname" ], "query" : "john smith" } } ' # { # "_shards" : { # "failed" : 0, # "successful" : 1, # "total" : 1 # }, # "explanations" : [ # { # "index" : "test", # "explanation" : "((+lastname:john +lastname:smith) | (+firstname:john +firstname:smith))", # "valid" : true # } # ], # "valid" : true # }

虽然 query_string(使用 default_operator AND)将检查每个术语是否存在于至少一个字段中:

While query_string (with default_operator AND) will check that EACH term exists in at least one field:

curl -XGET '127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true' -d ' { "query_string" : { "fields" : [ "firstname", "lastname" ], "query" : "john smith", "default_operator" : "AND" } } ' # { # "_shards" : { # "failed" : 0, # "successful" : 1, # "total" : 1 # }, # "explanations" : [ # { # "index" : "test", # "explanation" : "+(firstname:john | lastname:john) +(firstname:smith | lastname:smith)", # "valid" : true # } # ], # "valid" : true # }

所以你有几个选择来实现你的目标:

So you have a few choices to achieve what you are after:

在使用 query_string

预解析搜索词以提取每个单词，然后为每个单词生成一个multi_match查询

Preparse the search terms to extract each word, then generate a multi_match query per word

在名称字段的映射中使用 index_name 将它们的数据索引到单个字段中，然后您可以将其用于搜索.(就像您自己的自定义 all 字段):

Use index_name in your mapping for the name fields to index their data into a single field, which you can then use for search. (like your own custom all field):

如下:

curl -XPUT '127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1' -d ' { "mappings" : { "test" : { "properties" : { "firstname" : { "index_name" : "name", "type" : "string" }, "lastname" : { "index_name" : "name", "type" : "string" } } } } } ' curl -XPOST '127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1' -d ' { "firstname" : "john", "lastname" : "smith" } ' curl -XGET '127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1' -d ' { "query" : { "match" : { "name" : { "operator" : "and", "query" : "john smith" } } } } ' # { # "hits" : { # "hits" : [ # { # "_source" : { # "firstname" : "john", # "lastname" : "smith" # }, # "_score" : 0.2712221, # "_index" : "test", # "_id" : "VJFU_RWbRNaeHF9wNM8fRA", # "_type" : "test" # } # ], # "max_score" : 0.2712221, # "total" : 1 # }, # "timed_out" : false, # "_shards" : { # "failed" : 0, # "successful" : 5, # "total" : 5 # }, # "took" : 33 # }

但是请注意，firstname 和 lastname 不再可以独立搜索.两个字段的数据都已索引到name.

Note however, that firstname and lastname are no longer searchable independently. The data for both fields has been indexed into name.

您可以将多字段与path 参数使它们既可独立搜索又可一起搜索，如下所示:

You could use multi-fields with the path parameter to make them searchable both independently and together, as follows:

curl -XPUT '127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1' -d ' { "mappings" : { "test" : { "properties" : { "firstname" : { "fields" : { "firstname" : { "type" : "string" }, "any_name" : { "type" : "string" } }, "path" : "just_name", "type" : "multi_field" }, "lastname" : { "fields" : { "any_name" : { "type" : "string" }, "lastname" : { "type" : "string" } }, "path" : "just_name", "type" : "multi_field" } } } } } ' curl -XPOST '127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1' -d ' { "firstname" : "john", "lastname" : "smith" } '

搜索 any_name 字段有效:

curl -XGET '127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1' -d ' { "query" : { "match" : { "any_name" : { "operator" : "and", "query" : "john smith" } } } } ' # { # "hits" : { # "hits" : [ # { # "_source" : { # "firstname" : "john", # "lastname" : "smith" # }, # "_score" : 0.2712221, # "_index" : "test", # "_id" : "Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ", # "_type" : "test" # } # ], # "max_score" : 0.2712221, # "total" : 1 # }, # "timed_out" : false, # "_shards" : { # "failed" : 0, # "successful" : 5, # "total" : 5 # }, # "took" : 11 # }

为 john AND smith 搜索 firstname 不起作用:

Searching firstname for john AND smith doesn't work:

curl -XGET '127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1' -d ' { "query" : { "match" : { "firstname" : { "operator" : "and", "query" : "john smith" } } } } ' # { # "hits" : { # "hits" : [], # "max_score" : null, # "total" : 0 # }, # "timed_out" : false, # "_shards" : { # "failed" : 0, # "successful" : 5, # "total" : 5 # }, # "took" : 2 # }

但是只为 john 搜索 firstname 工作正常:

But searching firstname for just john works correctly:

curl -XGET '127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1' -d ' { "query" : { "match" : { "firstname" : { "operator" : "and", "query" : "john" } } } } ' # { # "hits" : { # "hits" : [ # { # "_source" : { # "firstname" : "john", # "lastname" : "smith" # }, # "_score" : 0.30685282, # "_index" : "test", # "_id" : "Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ", # "_type" : "test" # } # ], # "max_score" : 0.30685282, # "total" : 1 # }, # "timed_out" : false, # "_shards" : { # "failed" : 0, # "successful" : 5, # "total" : 5 # }, # "took" : 3 # }