可能重复: 随机选择N个项目
Possible Duplicate: pick N items at random
我需要生成1到49之间的6个随机数，但是它们不能相同.我知道如何使它们随机化，但我不确定如何确保它们不同.
I need to generate 6 random numbers between 1 and 49, but they cannot be the same. I know how to do make them random, I just am not sure how to ensure that they are different.
工作表建议显示每个数字并将其设置为零，但我看不出有什么帮助.
The worksheet recommends displaying each number and setting it to zero, but I don't see how that would help.
任何建议都将不胜感激.
Any advice is greatly appreciated.
推荐答案您可以使用 random.sample :
You can use random.sample:
>>> random.sample(xrange(1,50), 6) [26, 39, 36, 46, 37, 1]
工作表建议显示每个数字并将其设置为零，但我看不出有什么帮助."
假设这是一项任务，并且您需要自己实施抽样，则可以看看如何实现random.sample .它确实提供了很多信息，但是对于您的需求而言可能太复杂了，因为代码还确保了所有子切片也将是有效的随机样本.为了提高效率，它还根据人口规模使用了不同的方法.
Assuming this is an assignment and you need to implement the sampling yourself, you could take a look at how random.sample is implemented. It's really informative, but may be too complicated for your needs since the code also ensures that all sub-slices will also be valid random sample. For efficiency, it also uses different approaches depending on the population size.
对于工作表，我认为它假设您从1到49的数字列表开始，并建议您将选择的数字替换为0，以便在重新选择时可以跳过.以下是一些伪代码，可以帮助您入门:
As for the worksheet, I believe it assumes you're starting off with a list of numbers from 1 to 49 and suggests that you replace numbers that you're selected with 0 so there can be skipped if reselected. Here's some pseudo code to get you started:
population = range(1, 50) # list of numbers from 1 to 49 sample = [] until we get 6 samples: index = a random number from 0 to 48 # look up random.randint() if population[index] is not 0: # if we found an unmarked value append population[index] to sample set population[index] = 0 # mark selected如果您想尝试一些不同的方法，则可以考虑其他许多方法，例如将列表随机化然后截断，或者某种形式的储层采样.
If you wish to attempt something different, there are many other approaches to consider e.g. randomising the list then truncating, or some form of reservoir sampling.
祝您工作顺利.
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