Spring无法通过配置文件选择Autowired实现(Spring unable to pick Autowired implementation by profile)
我试图弄清楚如何使用@Autowired注释在Spring中进行模拟实现。 我试图通过以下方式驱动此配置文件：
默认配置文件在未定义配置时运行 指定测试配置文件时，它将自动装配模拟对象而不是默认实现。为了实现这种设置，我遇到了一个问题，Spring似乎无法区分我的实现。 我正在使用Tomcat / Jersey / Maven / Spring，我没有使用任何xml配置。 这是相关代码的运行（ 在我的示例GitHub上可见 ）。
问题 ：通过mvn clean tomcat7:run并导航到'/ foo / bar'会产生以下异常（下面的完整堆栈跟踪）： No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b
我意识到问题是Spring无法区分我的两个实现，但我很难找到如何正确声明我想要一个默认情况下，而b只在运行mvn test 。
我的初始化程序：
@Override public void onStartup(ServletContext context) throws ServletException { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); appContext.register(AppConfig.class); context.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(appContext)); /* for(String profile: appContext.getEnvironment().getActiveProfiles()) { System.out.println(String.format("Active profile: %s", profile)); } */ Map<String, String> filterParameters = new HashMap<>(); // set filter parameters filterParameters.put("com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages", "dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example"); filterParameters.put("com.sun.jersey.config.property.JSPTemplatesBasePath", "/WEB-INF/app"); filterParameters.put("com.sun.jersey.config.property.WebPageContentRegex", "/(images|css|jsp)/.*"); SpringServlet servlet = new SpringServlet(); ServletRegistration.Dynamic servletDispatcher = context.addServlet("jersey-servlet", servlet); servletDispatcher.setInitParameters(filterParameters); servletDispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1); servletDispatcher.addMapping("/*"); }我的配置：
@Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example"}) public class AppConfig { @Bean private static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer() { return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer(); } @Configuration @PropertySource("classpath:configuration.properties") static class Production { } @Configuration @Profile("test") @PropertySource("classpath:configuration.properties") static class Test { } }我的网络端点有@Autowired变量：
@Path("/foo") @Component public class WebEndpoint { @Autowired private IStringGetter getTheThing; @GET @Path("/bar") @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_HTML) public String getStuff() { System.out.println(getTheThing.getItGood()); return String.format("<html><body>Hello - %s</body></html>", getTheThing.getItGood()); } }我的第一个实现（我希望这是默认值）：
@Component public class A implements IStringGetter { @Value("${my.property}") private String configValue; @Override public String getItGood() { return String.format("I am an A: %s", configValue); } }我的第二个实现（我在运行mvn test时只想要这个）：
@Component @ActiveProfiles("test") public class B implements IStringGetter { @Value("${my.property}") private String configValue; @Override public String getItGood() { return String.format("I am an B: %s", configValue); } }完整堆栈跟踪：
10:22:49.136 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'webEndpoint': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nes ted exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IString Getter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionExcepti on: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:288) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) ~[ spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) ~[s pring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) ~[spr ing-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3 .2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) ~[spring-beans- 3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2 .4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4 .RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628) ~[sprin g-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932) ~[spri ng-context-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479) ~[spring-context-3.2.4.RELEASE .jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389) ~[spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE. jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294) [spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEAS E] at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112) [spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2 .4.RELEASE] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) [?:1.7.0_40] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) [?:1.7.0_40] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) [?:1.7.0_40] at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) [?:1.7.0_40] Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:514) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RE LEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:285) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] ... 22 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGe tter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:865) ~[spring-bea ns-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) ~[spring-beans -3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:486) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RE LEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:285) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] ... 22 more Oct 11, 2013 10:22:49 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'webEndpoint': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nes ted exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IString Getter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionExcepti on: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:288) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:514) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:285) ... 22 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGe tter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:865) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:486) ... 24 moreI'm trying to figure out how to do mock implementations in Spring using the @Autowired annotation. I'm trying to drive this by profiles in such a way that:
There is a default profile which runs when no configuration is defined When the test profile is specified, it will Autowire mock objects instead of the default implementations.In pursuit of this setup, I'm running into a problem where Spring doesn't seem to be able to tell the difference between my implementations. I'm using Tomcat/Jersey/Maven/Spring and I am not using any xml configuration. Here is the run down of the relevant code (viewable on my example GitHub).
The problem: Running this by mvn clean tomcat7:run and navigating to '/foo/bar' produces the following exception (full stack trace below): No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b
I realize that the problem is Spring cannot differentiate between my two implmentations, but I'm having trouble finding how to properly declare that I want a by default, and b only when running mvn test.
My initializer:
@Override public void onStartup(ServletContext context) throws ServletException { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); appContext.register(AppConfig.class); context.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(appContext)); /* for(String profile: appContext.getEnvironment().getActiveProfiles()) { System.out.println(String.format("Active profile: %s", profile)); } */ Map<String, String> filterParameters = new HashMap<>(); // set filter parameters filterParameters.put("com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages", "dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example"); filterParameters.put("com.sun.jersey.config.property.JSPTemplatesBasePath", "/WEB-INF/app"); filterParameters.put("com.sun.jersey.config.property.WebPageContentRegex", "/(images|css|jsp)/.*"); SpringServlet servlet = new SpringServlet(); ServletRegistration.Dynamic servletDispatcher = context.addServlet("jersey-servlet", servlet); servletDispatcher.setInitParameters(filterParameters); servletDispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1); servletDispatcher.addMapping("/*"); }My Configuration:
@Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example"}) public class AppConfig { @Bean private static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer() { return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer(); } @Configuration @PropertySource("classpath:configuration.properties") static class Production { } @Configuration @Profile("test") @PropertySource("classpath:configuration.properties") static class Test { } }My web endpoint which has the @Autowired variable in question:
@Path("/foo") @Component public class WebEndpoint { @Autowired private IStringGetter getTheThing; @GET @Path("/bar") @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_HTML) public String getStuff() { System.out.println(getTheThing.getItGood()); return String.format("<html><body>Hello - %s</body></html>", getTheThing.getItGood()); } }My first implementation (I want this to be default):
@Component public class A implements IStringGetter { @Value("${my.property}") private String configValue; @Override public String getItGood() { return String.format("I am an A: %s", configValue); } }My second implementation (I only want this when running mvn test):
@Component @ActiveProfiles("test") public class B implements IStringGetter { @Value("${my.property}") private String configValue; @Override public String getItGood() { return String.format("I am an B: %s", configValue); } }Full stack trace:
10:22:49.136 [localhost-startStop-1] ERROR org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'webEndpoint': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nes ted exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IString Getter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionExcepti on: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:288) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) ~[ spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) ~[s pring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) ~[spr ing-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3 .2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) ~[spring-beans- 3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2 .4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4 .RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628) ~[sprin g-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932) ~[spri ng-context-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479) ~[spring-context-3.2.4.RELEASE .jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389) ~[spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE. jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294) [spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEAS E] at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112) [spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2 .4.RELEASE] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) [tomcat-embed-core-7.0.37.jar:7.0.37] at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) [?:1.7.0_40] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) [?:1.7.0_40] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) [?:1.7.0_40] at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) [?:1.7.0_40] Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:514) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RE LEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:285) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] ... 22 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGe tter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:865) ~[spring-bea ns-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) ~[spring-beans -3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:486) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RE LEASE] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:285) ~[spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar:3.2.4.RELEASE] ... 22 more Oct 11, 2013 10:22:49 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'webEndpoint': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nes ted exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IString Getter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionExcepti on: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:288) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.WebEndpoint.getTheThing; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGetter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:514) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostPro cessor.java:285) ... 22 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [dkwestbr.spring.autowired.example.IStringGe tter] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: a,b at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:865) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPost Processor.java:486) ... 24 more最满意答案
@ActiveProfiles注释旨在用于测试 。
@ActiveProfiles
一个类级别注释，用于在为测试类加载ApplicationContext时声明哪些bean定义概要文件应处于活动状态。
至于如何设置组件扫描的配置文件， 请看这里。 基本上只需用@Profile切换@ActiveProfiles 。
The @ActiveProfiles annotation is meant to be used for tests.
@ActiveProfiles
A class-level annotation that is used to declare which bean definition profiles should be active when loading an ApplicationContext for test classes.
As for how to set the profile for component scaning, take a look here. Basically just switch @ActiveProfiles with @Profile.
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