无法在独立应用程序中初始化EntityManager(EntityManager can not be initialized in standalone application)

我尝试测试代码时遇到异常。问题是，EntityManager无法初始化。

private EntityManager em; @BeforeClass public void initEntityManager() { EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence .createEntityManagerFactory("persistence"); em = emf.createEntityManager(); }

我的persistence.xml看起来像：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0"> <persistence-unit name="persistence" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <properties> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:sqlserver://xxx\xxx;" /> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="user" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="password" />  <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" /> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence>

我得到这个例外：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/resource/spi/XATerminator at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:247) at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.classForName(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:240) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.StandardJtaPlatformResolver.resolveJtaPlatform(StandardJtaPlatformResolver.java:100) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator.initiateService(JtaPlatformInitiator.java:60) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator.initiateService(JtaPlatformInitiator.java:43) at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:105) at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:251) at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:225) at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:206) at org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory.buildSettings(SettingsFactory.java:107) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSettingsInternal(Configuration.java:2442) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSettings(Configuration.java:2438) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1855) at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl$4.perform(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:850) at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl$4.perform(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:843) at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.withTccl(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:397) at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:842) at org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistenceProvider.java:75) at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:54) at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:55) at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:39) at databaseconnectionTest.TestDatabaseConnection.initEntityManager(TestDatabaseConnection.java:17) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.resource.spi.XATerminator at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247) ... 46 more

我不明白这个例外。我很困惑，因为当我在Tomcat上运行代码时，相同的代码工作正常。只有当我尝试将其作为独立应用程序运行时才会出现此异常。一开始就停在

15.07.2014 11:18:51 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure INFO: HHH000115: Hibernate connection pool size: 20 (min=1) 15.07.2014 11:18:52 org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init> INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect

我试图找到一个解决方案，但不知道该怎么做。

希望有人能帮助我。

约翰内斯

I get an exception when I try to test my code. The problem is, that the EntityManager can not been initialized.

private EntityManager em; @BeforeClass public void initEntityManager() { EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence .createEntityManagerFactory("persistence"); em = emf.createEntityManager(); }

My persistence.xml looks like:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0"> <persistence-unit name="persistence" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <properties> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:sqlserver://xxx\xxx;" /> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="user" /> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="password" />  <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" /> <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" /> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence>

I get this exception:

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/resource/spi/XATerminator at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:247) at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.classForName(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:240) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.StandardJtaPlatformResolver.resolveJtaPlatform(StandardJtaPlatformResolver.java:100) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator.initiateService(JtaPlatformInitiator.java:60) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator.initiateService(JtaPlatformInitiator.java:43) at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:105) at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:251) at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:225) at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:206) at org.hibernate.cfg.SettingsFactory.buildSettings(SettingsFactory.java:107) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSettingsInternal(Configuration.java:2442) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSettings(Configuration.java:2438) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1855) at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl$4.perform(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:850) at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl$4.perform(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:843) at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.withTccl(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:397) at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:842) at org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistenceProvider.java:75) at org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistence.java:54) at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:55) at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:39) at databaseconnectionTest.TestDatabaseConnection.initEntityManager(TestDatabaseConnection.java:17) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.resource.spi.XATerminator at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247) ... 46 more

I do not understand the exception. I am confused because the same code works perfect when I run the code on my Tomcat. Only when I try to run it as a standalone application i get this exception. At the start it stops at

15.07.2014 11:18:51 org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure INFO: HHH000115: Hibernate connection pool size: 20 (min=1) 15.07.2014 11:18:52 org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init> INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect

I am trying to find a solution but do not know what to do.

Hope anyone can help my.

Johannes

最满意答案

ClassNotFoundException非常清楚（任何使用Java的人都应该熟悉）。您的CLASSPATH中没有指定的类，因此请包含提供该类的jar。

建议这可能是http://central.maven.org/maven2/javax/resource/javax.resource-api/1.7/

ClassNotFoundException is pretty clear (and ought to be familiar to anyone using Java). You don't have the specified class in your CLASSPATH, so include the jar that provides that class.

Suggest that this is likely http://central.maven.org/maven2/javax/resource/javax.resource-api/1.7/

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